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<p>The swift progress in 5G wireless signal propagation and electronic technologies has potentially enhanced the quality of life. Nevertheless, it also raises serious concerns regarding electromagnetic (EM) interference and potential health risks, thereby necessitating the development of novel composites with intense EM wave (EMW) absorption performance, wide bandwidth, lightweight characteristics, and environmental stability. This research provides the synthesis and comprehensive characterization of a novel Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-decorated carbon nanofiber (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@C) encapsulated within a polypyrrole (PPy) shell and then embedded in an epoxy matrix, engineered to optimize EMW absorption and mechanical property. The solvothermal synthesis of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@CNFs, followed by in situ polymerization of PPy, yielded a hierarchical structure that synergistically enhanced the magnetic loss, dielectric loss, and interfacial polarization . Structural analyses, including SEM, XRD, FT-IR, and Raman spectroscopy, verified the successful integration of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles on the surface of carbon nanofibers (CNF) and their effective encapsulation by PPy, which improves the oxidative stability and impedance matching. The 4 wt% Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@CNF/PPy epoxy nanocomposites exhibit the exceptional EMW absorption performance, achieving a minimum reflection loss of −&#xa0;23.51&#xa0;dB at 16.08&#xa0;GHz (2.05&#xa0;mm thickness) with a superior effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 6.40&#xa0;GHz (11.60–18.00&#xa0;GHz) at 2.31&#xa0;mm thickness, ascribed to the synergistic impedance matching and attenuation effects. Moreover, mechanical testing revealed a 9.7% improvement in tensile strength (89.49&#xa0;MPa) compared to the cured epoxy for the 5 wt% epoxy nanocomposites, attributed to crack-pinning and stress-transfer mechanisms. The incorporation of PPy enhanced charge transport and corrosion resistance, while promoting multiple scattering and polarization effects, and 1-D magnetic CNF significantly improved EMW attenuation and mechanical property. The study underscores the dual functionality of the nanocomposites, merging robust mechanical property with broadband microwave absorption, offering a scalable solution for next-generation EMW absorbers in aerospace and telecommunications.</p>

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Magnetic Fe3O4-decorated carbon nanofiber/polypyrrole epoxy nanocomposites for high-performance electromagnetic wave absorption and mechanical reinforcement

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月8日

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  • Waras Abdul,
  • Yukun Sun,
  • Minqi Zhao,
  • Xinyi Zhao,
  • Jiang Guo,
  • Wenling Wu,
  • Jianfeng Zhu

摘要

The swift progress in 5G wireless signal propagation and electronic technologies has potentially enhanced the quality of life. Nevertheless, it also raises serious concerns regarding electromagnetic (EM) interference and potential health risks, thereby necessitating the development of novel composites with intense EM wave (EMW) absorption performance, wide bandwidth, lightweight characteristics, and environmental stability. This research provides the synthesis and comprehensive characterization of a novel Fe3O4-decorated carbon nanofiber (Fe3O4@C) encapsulated within a polypyrrole (PPy) shell and then embedded in an epoxy matrix, engineered to optimize EMW absorption and mechanical property. The solvothermal synthesis of Fe3O4@CNFs, followed by in situ polymerization of PPy, yielded a hierarchical structure that synergistically enhanced the magnetic loss, dielectric loss, and interfacial polarization . Structural analyses, including SEM, XRD, FT-IR, and Raman spectroscopy, verified the successful integration of Fe3O4 nanoparticles on the surface of carbon nanofibers (CNF) and their effective encapsulation by PPy, which improves the oxidative stability and impedance matching. The 4 wt% Fe3O4@CNF/PPy epoxy nanocomposites exhibit the exceptional EMW absorption performance, achieving a minimum reflection loss of − 23.51 dB at 16.08 GHz (2.05 mm thickness) with a superior effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 6.40 GHz (11.60–18.00 GHz) at 2.31 mm thickness, ascribed to the synergistic impedance matching and attenuation effects. Moreover, mechanical testing revealed a 9.7% improvement in tensile strength (89.49 MPa) compared to the cured epoxy for the 5 wt% epoxy nanocomposites, attributed to crack-pinning and stress-transfer mechanisms. The incorporation of PPy enhanced charge transport and corrosion resistance, while promoting multiple scattering and polarization effects, and 1-D magnetic CNF significantly improved EMW attenuation and mechanical property. The study underscores the dual functionality of the nanocomposites, merging robust mechanical property with broadband microwave absorption, offering a scalable solution for next-generation EMW absorbers in aerospace and telecommunications.