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<p>In this study, we reported the synthesis and comprehensive analysis of the structural, morphological, optical, and thermal properties of tin(II) thiocyanate (Sn(SCN)<sub>2</sub>)-doped dual-phase cesium tin chloride (Cs–Sn–Cl) perovskites across varying doping concentrations (x = 0, 1, 2, and 5%). The materials were prepared via a facile wet-chemical method. Structural characterization by X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the coexistence of Cs<sub>4</sub>SnCl<sub>6</sub> and CsSnCl<sub>3</sub> phases, while field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) revealed polygonal-grained, filamentous, and coarse-textured microstructures. Ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–Vis DRS) and photoluminescence (PL) measurements provided insights into the absorption and emission properties. The optical bandgap was estimated using the Kubelka–Munk transformation, and thermogravimetric/differential thermal analyses (TGA/DTA) yielded key thermodynamic parameters (entropy (ΔS*), enthalpy (ΔH*) and Gibbs energy (ΔG*)). Notably, this work introduces Sn(SCN)<sub>2</sub> as a soft pseudohalide ligand in chloride-based dual-phase Cs<sub>4</sub>SnCl<sub>6</sub>/CsSnCl<sub>3</sub> perovskites, in contrast to prior SCN⁻ studies largely confined to iodide and bromide systems. The synergistic effects of SCN⁻ doping on structural, optical, and thermal properties highlight the untapped potential of chloride perovskites for advanced optoelectronic applications, including light-emitting diodes, photodetectors, and sensors.</p>

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Synthesis, structural, optical, and thermal properties of Sn(SCN)2 ligand-doped dual-phase Cs–Sn–Cl perovskite semiconductors

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月27日

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  • N. Gopinathan,
  • S. Sathik Basha

摘要

In this study, we reported the synthesis and comprehensive analysis of the structural, morphological, optical, and thermal properties of tin(II) thiocyanate (Sn(SCN)2)-doped dual-phase cesium tin chloride (Cs–Sn–Cl) perovskites across varying doping concentrations (x = 0, 1, 2, and 5%). The materials were prepared via a facile wet-chemical method. Structural characterization by X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the coexistence of Cs4SnCl6 and CsSnCl3 phases, while field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) revealed polygonal-grained, filamentous, and coarse-textured microstructures. Ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–Vis DRS) and photoluminescence (PL) measurements provided insights into the absorption and emission properties. The optical bandgap was estimated using the Kubelka–Munk transformation, and thermogravimetric/differential thermal analyses (TGA/DTA) yielded key thermodynamic parameters (entropy (ΔS*), enthalpy (ΔH*) and Gibbs energy (ΔG*)). Notably, this work introduces Sn(SCN)2 as a soft pseudohalide ligand in chloride-based dual-phase Cs4SnCl6/CsSnCl3 perovskites, in contrast to prior SCN⁻ studies largely confined to iodide and bromide systems. The synergistic effects of SCN⁻ doping on structural, optical, and thermal properties highlight the untapped potential of chloride perovskites for advanced optoelectronic applications, including light-emitting diodes, photodetectors, and sensors.