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<p>In this study, novel hypoeutectic Sn–6Zn (SZ)-based alloys were developed to evaluate the influence of Fe, Ag, and Co microalloying on microstructure, stress relaxation (SR) behavior, and mechanical performance of the SZ alloy. Microstructural assessments revealed that 0.08-wt.% Fe and 0.2-wt.% Ag additions slightly refined Zn-rich morphologies, promoting the formation of small FeSn₂ platelets and coarse AgZn₃ flower-like intermetallics, respectively. While the Ag addition enhanced both strength and ductility, the microalloying of Fe increased strength but reduced ductility. Notably, the 0.2-wt.% Co-modified alloy exhibited substantial refinement of Zn-rich phases and formation of CoSn₂@CoZn₇ core–shell structures with Zn surface segregation. Consequently, the Sn–6Zn–0.08Fe–0.2Co alloy demonstrated significant improvements in ultimate tensile strength (41.8%), ductility (75.5%), Young’s modulus (48.3%), stress relaxation resistance η (500%), and imposed strain ε₀ (70%), compared to the unmodified Sn–6Zn alloy. Analysis of stress exponent <i>n</i> and activation energy <i>Q</i> values supports the dislocation creep mechanism accompanied by grain boundary diffusion governing the SR deformation behavior at constant stress and temperature.</p>

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Room-temperature short-term stress relaxation and mechanical performance in Pb-free hypoeutectic Sn–6Zn solder alloy modified with Fe, Ag, and Co for microelectronic interconnects

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月25日

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  • Hind Alsnani

摘要

In this study, novel hypoeutectic Sn–6Zn (SZ)-based alloys were developed to evaluate the influence of Fe, Ag, and Co microalloying on microstructure, stress relaxation (SR) behavior, and mechanical performance of the SZ alloy. Microstructural assessments revealed that 0.08-wt.% Fe and 0.2-wt.% Ag additions slightly refined Zn-rich morphologies, promoting the formation of small FeSn₂ platelets and coarse AgZn₃ flower-like intermetallics, respectively. While the Ag addition enhanced both strength and ductility, the microalloying of Fe increased strength but reduced ductility. Notably, the 0.2-wt.% Co-modified alloy exhibited substantial refinement of Zn-rich phases and formation of CoSn₂@CoZn₇ core–shell structures with Zn surface segregation. Consequently, the Sn–6Zn–0.08Fe–0.2Co alloy demonstrated significant improvements in ultimate tensile strength (41.8%), ductility (75.5%), Young’s modulus (48.3%), stress relaxation resistance η (500%), and imposed strain ε₀ (70%), compared to the unmodified Sn–6Zn alloy. Analysis of stress exponent n and activation energy Q values supports the dislocation creep mechanism accompanied by grain boundary diffusion governing the SR deformation behavior at constant stress and temperature.