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<p>In this work, a comprehensive investigation was conducted on lead-free Bi<sub>0.5</sub>(Na<sub>0.75</sub>K<sub>0.22</sub>)<sub>0.5</sub>TiO<sub>2</sub> (BNKT) ceramic. An extensive study was essential to fully understand the multifunctional properties of BNKT and its potential for next-generation electronic applications. BNKT ceramics were prepared using the conventional solid-state reaction route. Structural analysis was performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Dielectric and impedance properties were studied across a range of temperatures and frequencies. Ferroelectric behavior was examined through P–E hysteresis loops, and energy storage capabilities were assessed. UV–visible spectroscopy was employed to determine the bandgap. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed a pure tetragonal phase with no secondary phases, while Raman spectroscopy revealed distinct Ti–O vibrational modes. Microstructural analysis using FESEM displayed uniformly distributed quasi-cubic grains. Dielectric studies demonstrated a typical relaxor ferroelectric behavior with a broad transition around 335&#xa0;℃, a high dielectric constant (ε<sub>r</sub> = 1137), and a low dielectric loss (tanδ = 0.264) at room-temperature (1&#xa0;kHz), making the material suitable for capacitors and energy storage devices. Impedance spectroscopy revealed a transition from positive to negative temperature coefficient resistance (PTCR to NTCR) around 100&#xa0;℃. Ferroelectric hysteresis (P–E) loops exhibited a pinched shape, further confirming relaxor characteristics. Notably, the energy storage efficiency reached 33.6%, even under moderate electric fields, attributed to optimized domain configurations and minimal energy dissipation. UV–visible spectroscopy revealed indirect and direct bandgaps of 2.86&#xa0;eV and 3.12&#xa0;eV, respectively, indicating potential for optoelectronic applications.</p>

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Exploration of eco-friendly multifunctional material: investigating the dielectric, ferroelectric, and optical properties of Bi₀.₅(Na₀.₇₈K₀.₂₂)₀.₅TiO₃

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月5日

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  • Rahul K. Singh,
  • Mrityunjay Kumar,
  • Sumit K. Roy

摘要

In this work, a comprehensive investigation was conducted on lead-free Bi0.5(Na0.75K0.22)0.5TiO2 (BNKT) ceramic. An extensive study was essential to fully understand the multifunctional properties of BNKT and its potential for next-generation electronic applications. BNKT ceramics were prepared using the conventional solid-state reaction route. Structural analysis was performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Dielectric and impedance properties were studied across a range of temperatures and frequencies. Ferroelectric behavior was examined through P–E hysteresis loops, and energy storage capabilities were assessed. UV–visible spectroscopy was employed to determine the bandgap. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed a pure tetragonal phase with no secondary phases, while Raman spectroscopy revealed distinct Ti–O vibrational modes. Microstructural analysis using FESEM displayed uniformly distributed quasi-cubic grains. Dielectric studies demonstrated a typical relaxor ferroelectric behavior with a broad transition around 335 ℃, a high dielectric constant (εr = 1137), and a low dielectric loss (tanδ = 0.264) at room-temperature (1 kHz), making the material suitable for capacitors and energy storage devices. Impedance spectroscopy revealed a transition from positive to negative temperature coefficient resistance (PTCR to NTCR) around 100 ℃. Ferroelectric hysteresis (P–E) loops exhibited a pinched shape, further confirming relaxor characteristics. Notably, the energy storage efficiency reached 33.6%, even under moderate electric fields, attributed to optimized domain configurations and minimal energy dissipation. UV–visible spectroscopy revealed indirect and direct bandgaps of 2.86 eV and 3.12 eV, respectively, indicating potential for optoelectronic applications.