Sol – Gel auto combustion method was used to synthesis Copper oxide nano powders whereas, Top—Down method was used to obtain Ag nano – powders, respectively. Various structural studies (XRD, FTIR), thermal studies (TGA), molecular studies (Raman) and morphological studies (FESEM, EDX, PSA) were studied using 4 varying nano structured compositions: CA1 [CuO, 1:0], CA2 [CuO + Ag, 1:1], CA3 [CuO + Ag, 1:2] and CA4 [Ag, 0:1]. TGA characterisation revealed 600 °C as calcination temperature for CuO which was in accordance with the theoretical data. XRD and FTIR analyses confirmed the formation of the desired nano-crystalline structures through the identification of characteristic structural peaks. Raman spectroscopy displayed <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10854_2025_15792_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="67" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">${\text{C}}_{2\text{h}}^{6}\text{ C}2/\text{c}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msubsup> <mtext>C</mtext> <mrow> <mn>2</mn> <mtext>h</mtext> </mrow> <mn>6</mn> </msubsup> <mspace width="0.333333em" /> <mtext>C</mtext> <mn>2</mn> <mo stretchy="false">/</mo> <mtext>c</mtext> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10854_2025_15792_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="21" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="65" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">${\text{O}}_{\text{h}}^{5}\text{Fm}3\text{m}$</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msubsup> <mtext>O</mtext> <mrow> <mtext>h</mtext> </mrow> <mn>5</mn> </msubsup> <mtext>Fm</mtext> <mn>3</mn> <mtext>m</mtext> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> as space groups for CuO and Ag nano – structures, respectively. An increase in the values for non – linear coefficient (α) was obtained for the composite mixtures, which meant an increase in the Ohm’s Law region was observed. The current (IN) and voltage (VN) values for varistor studies exhibited smaller value changes which made low – voltage valued sectors as their possible applicational field.

Low voltage varistor values and structural analysis for CuO and Ag nano–composite particles

期刊论文
发表日期：

2025年9月20日

查看全文

Mehar J. Panesar,
Pragati Kumar,
Hamnesh Mahajan,
Ajeet Kumar Srivastava

摘要

Sol – Gel auto combustion method was used to synthesis Copper oxide nano powders whereas, Top—Down method was used to obtain Ag nano – powders, respectively. Various structural studies (XRD, FTIR), thermal studies (TGA), molecular studies (Raman) and morphological studies (FESEM, EDX, PSA) were studied using 4 varying nano structured compositions: CA1 [CuO, 1:0], CA2 [CuO + Ag, 1:1], CA3 [CuO + Ag, 1:2] and CA4 [Ag, 0:1]. TGA characterisation revealed 600 °C as calcination temperature for CuO which was in accordance with the theoretical data. XRD and FTIR analyses confirmed the formation of the desired nano-crystalline structures through the identification of characteristic structural peaks. Raman spectroscopy displayed ${\text{C}}_{2\text{h}}^{6}\text{ C}2/\text{c}$ $C_{2 h}^{6} C 2 / c$ and ${\text{O}}_{\text{h}}^{5}\text{Fm}3\text{m}$ $O_{h}^{5} Fm 3 m$ as space groups for CuO and Ag nano – structures, respectively. An increase in the values for non – linear coefficient (α) was obtained for the composite mixtures, which meant an increase in the Ohm’s Law region was observed. The current (I_N) and voltage (V_N) values for varistor studies exhibited smaller value changes which made low – voltage valued sectors as their possible applicational field.