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<p>Manganese-doped zinc oxide (Mn:ZnO) nanoparticles were prepared by a simple hydrothermal process by high temperature and pressure reaction of precursor materials in a controlled solvent. FTIR analysis was presented with unquestionable evidence for manganese doping in the nanoparticle lattice, which proves that Mn was incorporated during the formation of nanoparticles. The mean particle diameters of the synthesized nanoparticles were validated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and ranged from 25 to 70&#xa0;nm. The nanoscale diameter is paramount because it can potentially enhance material surface reactivity and be applied in many areas. To assess their applications in practical conditions, the Mn-doped ZnO nanoparticles were rigorously examined for their photocatalytic activity toward the degradation of Methylene Blue dye, an organic contaminant present in wastewater. Their gas sensing was also compared, where they were specifically examined under ammonia under room-temperature conditions. The outcomes indicated that the Mn-ZnO nanoparticles showed significantly higher photocatalytic and gas sensing activities compared to pure ZnO despite the presence of doped manganese at lower concentrations. The enhanced photoactivity of the Mn-ZnO nanoparticles can be explained on the grounds of various factors, including increased surface density of hydroxyl groups on their surface, their nanosized particle dimensions that enhance the exposed surface area toward reactants, and band energy levels optimally well placed to promote excitation of electrons followed by photoreactivity. All these factors make the Mn-doped ZnO nanoparticles an excellent candidate for environmental cleaning and sensing of gases.</p>

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Multifunctional Mn-doped ZnO nanoparticles prepared via low-temperature hydrothermal synthesis: improved gas sensing and photocatalytic capabilities

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月11日

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  • S. Roselin Mariyal,
  • D. Benny Anburaj,
  • G. Nedunchezhian,
  • S. Ramalingam

摘要

Manganese-doped zinc oxide (Mn:ZnO) nanoparticles were prepared by a simple hydrothermal process by high temperature and pressure reaction of precursor materials in a controlled solvent. FTIR analysis was presented with unquestionable evidence for manganese doping in the nanoparticle lattice, which proves that Mn was incorporated during the formation of nanoparticles. The mean particle diameters of the synthesized nanoparticles were validated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and ranged from 25 to 70 nm. The nanoscale diameter is paramount because it can potentially enhance material surface reactivity and be applied in many areas. To assess their applications in practical conditions, the Mn-doped ZnO nanoparticles were rigorously examined for their photocatalytic activity toward the degradation of Methylene Blue dye, an organic contaminant present in wastewater. Their gas sensing was also compared, where they were specifically examined under ammonia under room-temperature conditions. The outcomes indicated that the Mn-ZnO nanoparticles showed significantly higher photocatalytic and gas sensing activities compared to pure ZnO despite the presence of doped manganese at lower concentrations. The enhanced photoactivity of the Mn-ZnO nanoparticles can be explained on the grounds of various factors, including increased surface density of hydroxyl groups on their surface, their nanosized particle dimensions that enhance the exposed surface area toward reactants, and band energy levels optimally well placed to promote excitation of electrons followed by photoreactivity. All these factors make the Mn-doped ZnO nanoparticles an excellent candidate for environmental cleaning and sensing of gases.