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<p>This study presents a scalable synthesis of nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (N-rGO) hybridized with ZnO nanoparticles for multifunctional applications in electrochemical energy storage and environmental remediation. The ZnO/N-rGO composite was fabricated using energy-efficient microwave and hydrothermal methods. Structural analysis via TEM, FESEM, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, and BET confirmed a porous, few-layer architecture with high surface area (525 m<sup>2</sup>/g), mesoporosity (~ 6.2&#xa0;nm), and uniform nanoparticle distribution. XPS analysis verified nitrogen doping and Zn<sup>2</sup>⁺ oxidation states.</p><p>Electrochemical tests demonstrated a specific capacitance of 215 F/g at 1 A/g with 90.3% retention after 10,000 cycles, and a maximum energy density of 42 Wh/kg at 380 W/kg. AI-guided Bayesian optimization improved synthesis consistency and performance metrics, with reduced ESR and enhanced reproducibility. Photocatalytic experiments under visible light achieved &gt; 90% methylene blue degradation within 45&#xa0;min, while Pb<sup>2</sup>⁺ adsorption exceeded 93% within 60&#xa0;min at pH 6.5. The synergy of the hierarchical structure, defect engineering, and conductive framework enhances both charge storage and pollutant reactivity.</p><p>Comparative analysis confirms superior performance over similar reported systems, highlighting the material’s potential for next-generation electronics, including self-charging sensors and hybrid environmental capacitors. This work underscores the practicality of integrating AI-optimized graphene composites into flexible, energy-autonomous environmental devices.</p>

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Graphene-based hybrid composites for dual electrochemical and environmental applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月3日

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  • Maziyar Sabet

摘要

This study presents a scalable synthesis of nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (N-rGO) hybridized with ZnO nanoparticles for multifunctional applications in electrochemical energy storage and environmental remediation. The ZnO/N-rGO composite was fabricated using energy-efficient microwave and hydrothermal methods. Structural analysis via TEM, FESEM, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, and BET confirmed a porous, few-layer architecture with high surface area (525 m2/g), mesoporosity (~ 6.2 nm), and uniform nanoparticle distribution. XPS analysis verified nitrogen doping and Zn2⁺ oxidation states.

Electrochemical tests demonstrated a specific capacitance of 215 F/g at 1 A/g with 90.3% retention after 10,000 cycles, and a maximum energy density of 42 Wh/kg at 380 W/kg. AI-guided Bayesian optimization improved synthesis consistency and performance metrics, with reduced ESR and enhanced reproducibility. Photocatalytic experiments under visible light achieved > 90% methylene blue degradation within 45 min, while Pb2⁺ adsorption exceeded 93% within 60 min at pH 6.5. The synergy of the hierarchical structure, defect engineering, and conductive framework enhances both charge storage and pollutant reactivity.

Comparative analysis confirms superior performance over similar reported systems, highlighting the material’s potential for next-generation electronics, including self-charging sensors and hybrid environmental capacitors. This work underscores the practicality of integrating AI-optimized graphene composites into flexible, energy-autonomous environmental devices.