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<p>This study presents the development of a sustainable dye-sensitized solar cell utilizing ZnO nanoparticles functionalized with a novel ionic liquid (IL) and sensitized with a polyamide dye using doctor blade method. In this DSSC, the synthesis of IL involves reaction of pyridine and bromoacetic acid at varied amounts, resulting in the formation of 1-(carboxymethyl)-pyridinium bromide. This ionic liquid facilitates improved stability with ZnO, increased ionic conductivity, and effective electron transport from the dye’s HOMO to the ZnO conduction band. Furthermore, this ionic liquid shows strong anchoring with both ZnO nanoparticles and polyamide dye, improving electrochemical performance. The inclusion of the carboxyl (–COOH) group in the ionic liquid enables robust coordination bonding with surface Zn<sup>2</sup>⁺ sites on ZnO, thus improving interfacial binding and minimizing charge transfer resistance. Using this class of ionic liquid IL and polyamide dye in ZnO nanoparticles coated or capped photoanode can lead to an optimized DSSC system that enhances efficiency, stabilizes the dye molecule from degradation, and facilitates effective binding of ZnO nanoparticles with the IL and dye molecules. The ionic liquid (IL) functionalized, dye coated ZnO nanoparticles were characterized using the XRD, FESEM, DLS, FTIR, UV–Visible absorption, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The IL concentration in solution was varied systematically from 5 to 20 wt%. Under AM 1.5 simulated solar illumination, the DSSC incorporating 15 wt% IL achieved maximum efficiency (<i>η</i> = 8.7%) with <i>J</i><sub>sc</sub> = 18.8&#xa0;mA/cm<sup>2</sup>, <i>V</i><sub>oc</sub> = 0.730&#xa0;V, and fill factor = 0.63. The IPCE reached a maximum of 60% at 15 wt% IL, indicating a 5–33% improvement over other concentrations. At 20 wt%, excess IL led to the blocking of active sites on the ZnO surface, limiting dye adsorption and impeding electron transport.</p>

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Development of functionalized ionic liquid and polyamide dye-modified ZnO photoanode for enhanced optoelectronic and photovoltaic performance

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月31日

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  • Diksha Saini,
  • Satbir Singh,
  • Gagandeep Singh,
  • Gurpreet Singh,
  • Shashi Bhushan Rana

摘要

This study presents the development of a sustainable dye-sensitized solar cell utilizing ZnO nanoparticles functionalized with a novel ionic liquid (IL) and sensitized with a polyamide dye using doctor blade method. In this DSSC, the synthesis of IL involves reaction of pyridine and bromoacetic acid at varied amounts, resulting in the formation of 1-(carboxymethyl)-pyridinium bromide. This ionic liquid facilitates improved stability with ZnO, increased ionic conductivity, and effective electron transport from the dye’s HOMO to the ZnO conduction band. Furthermore, this ionic liquid shows strong anchoring with both ZnO nanoparticles and polyamide dye, improving electrochemical performance. The inclusion of the carboxyl (–COOH) group in the ionic liquid enables robust coordination bonding with surface Zn2⁺ sites on ZnO, thus improving interfacial binding and minimizing charge transfer resistance. Using this class of ionic liquid IL and polyamide dye in ZnO nanoparticles coated or capped photoanode can lead to an optimized DSSC system that enhances efficiency, stabilizes the dye molecule from degradation, and facilitates effective binding of ZnO nanoparticles with the IL and dye molecules. The ionic liquid (IL) functionalized, dye coated ZnO nanoparticles were characterized using the XRD, FESEM, DLS, FTIR, UV–Visible absorption, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The IL concentration in solution was varied systematically from 5 to 20 wt%. Under AM 1.5 simulated solar illumination, the DSSC incorporating 15 wt% IL achieved maximum efficiency (η = 8.7%) with Jsc = 18.8 mA/cm2, Voc = 0.730 V, and fill factor = 0.63. The IPCE reached a maximum of 60% at 15 wt% IL, indicating a 5–33% improvement over other concentrations. At 20 wt%, excess IL led to the blocking of active sites on the ZnO surface, limiting dye adsorption and impeding electron transport.