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<p>We fabricated a different concentration of reduced graphene oxide anchored ZnFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> composites using the hydrothermal followed by calcination technique and examined their applicability in the photocatalytic removal of ciprofloxacin (CIP) and electrochemical water splitting. The characterization results reveal excellent crystallinity, chemical environment, and heterostructure formation for photocatalytic and electrochemical processes. The ZFO-rGO-10 heterostructure exhibited a 96.02% degradation of CIP after 150 min of light irradiation, outperforming bare ZFO and GO by factors of 2.49 and 2.46, respectively. The CIP degradation process adheres to first-order kinetics, exhibiting a commendable rate constant of 1.77×10<sup>−2</sup> min<sup>−1</sup>, which is 6.16 and 6.65 times superior to ZFO. The enhanced CIP degradation efficiency is primarily due to the reduction of electron–hole recombination of ZFO by transferring electrons to the rGO sheets, which prolongs electron lifetime and improves radical formation. The scavenging and recycling tests utilizing the optimally performing ZFO-rGO catalyst demonstrate the identification of active species and commendable stability. The investigations into electrochemical water splitting for hydrogen evolution revealed that the ZFO-rGO-10 electrocatalyst exhibited a reduced overpotential of 299 mV to reach a current density of 10 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>, suggesting that the formation of the ZFO-rGO composite improved proton adsorption and conductivity. The remarkable HER stability over 28 h at 10 mA/cm<sup>2</sup> measured by performing an amperometric i-t curve implies that the synthesized catalyst is highly stable for both electrocatalysis and photocatalysis.</p>

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Bifunctional reduced graphene oxide-ZnFe2O4 heterostructure for the enhanced photocatalytic antibiotic degradation and electrochemical HER activity

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月21日

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  • T. Kalaiarasi,
  • Rama Krishna Chava,
  • A. Vengadesan,
  • K. Thirupugalmani,
  • A. Raja,
  • Asma A. Alothman,
  • Nada A. Almuhous

摘要

We fabricated a different concentration of reduced graphene oxide anchored ZnFe2O4 composites using the hydrothermal followed by calcination technique and examined their applicability in the photocatalytic removal of ciprofloxacin (CIP) and electrochemical water splitting. The characterization results reveal excellent crystallinity, chemical environment, and heterostructure formation for photocatalytic and electrochemical processes. The ZFO-rGO-10 heterostructure exhibited a 96.02% degradation of CIP after 150 min of light irradiation, outperforming bare ZFO and GO by factors of 2.49 and 2.46, respectively. The CIP degradation process adheres to first-order kinetics, exhibiting a commendable rate constant of 1.77×10−2 min−1, which is 6.16 and 6.65 times superior to ZFO. The enhanced CIP degradation efficiency is primarily due to the reduction of electron–hole recombination of ZFO by transferring electrons to the rGO sheets, which prolongs electron lifetime and improves radical formation. The scavenging and recycling tests utilizing the optimally performing ZFO-rGO catalyst demonstrate the identification of active species and commendable stability. The investigations into electrochemical water splitting for hydrogen evolution revealed that the ZFO-rGO-10 electrocatalyst exhibited a reduced overpotential of 299 mV to reach a current density of 10 mA/cm2, suggesting that the formation of the ZFO-rGO composite improved proton adsorption and conductivity. The remarkable HER stability over 28 h at 10 mA/cm2 measured by performing an amperometric i-t curve implies that the synthesized catalyst is highly stable for both electrocatalysis and photocatalysis.