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<p>The significance of structural engineering through doping and annealing in the hybrid piezo/triboelectric nanogenerator for improving output performance remains not thoroughly comprehended. Herein, the pristine piezoelectric nanogenerator was enhanced by doping Mn with hydrothermally grown ZnO nanostructure and annealing it at 600&#xa0;°C. Simultaneously, the lattice parameter, crystal qualities, and surface morphology were investigated, and it was confirmed that no secondary phase formation and uniform ZnO growth occurred. At 600&#xa0;°C of annealing, the piezopotential of 8.8&#xa0;V was generated, which shows an enhancement of four to five-fold compared to the pristine piezoelectric device, 1.5&#xa0;V. The output performance of pristine and Mn-doped ZnO with varying concentrations, both annealed and hybrid nanogenerators configurations, was evaluated under constant mechanical force and frequency. The hybrid nanogenerator produces a higher peak-to-peak Voc of 42.67&#xa0;V and Isc of 296 nA, which is eightfold higher than pristine. In addition, various mechanical parameters were optimized in the hybrid nanogenerator’s output performance. As a result, the device generates the maximum current values of 427.76 nA, 329 nA, and 342 nA at a 10&#xa0;mm contact separation distance, 5&#xa0;Hz frequency, and 40 N mechanical force, respectively. Therefore, the as-prepared high-performance hybrid nanogenerator is anticipated to enable different applications in mechanical energy harvesting from ambient energy sources.</p>

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Unleashing the potential of doping and annealing in the ZnO-based hybrid piezo/triboelectric nanogenerator for enhancing the output performance

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月15日

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  • S Indumathi,
  • S Venkatesan,
  • M Manikandan

摘要

The significance of structural engineering through doping and annealing in the hybrid piezo/triboelectric nanogenerator for improving output performance remains not thoroughly comprehended. Herein, the pristine piezoelectric nanogenerator was enhanced by doping Mn with hydrothermally grown ZnO nanostructure and annealing it at 600 °C. Simultaneously, the lattice parameter, crystal qualities, and surface morphology were investigated, and it was confirmed that no secondary phase formation and uniform ZnO growth occurred. At 600 °C of annealing, the piezopotential of 8.8 V was generated, which shows an enhancement of four to five-fold compared to the pristine piezoelectric device, 1.5 V. The output performance of pristine and Mn-doped ZnO with varying concentrations, both annealed and hybrid nanogenerators configurations, was evaluated under constant mechanical force and frequency. The hybrid nanogenerator produces a higher peak-to-peak Voc of 42.67 V and Isc of 296 nA, which is eightfold higher than pristine. In addition, various mechanical parameters were optimized in the hybrid nanogenerator’s output performance. As a result, the device generates the maximum current values of 427.76 nA, 329 nA, and 342 nA at a 10 mm contact separation distance, 5 Hz frequency, and 40 N mechanical force, respectively. Therefore, the as-prepared high-performance hybrid nanogenerator is anticipated to enable different applications in mechanical energy harvesting from ambient energy sources.