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<p>This manuscript outlines an efficient methodology for developing WO<sub>3</sub> film sensors for CO<sub>2</sub> using the doctor blade deposition technique. WO<sub>3</sub> powders were obtained by the co-precipitation method assisted by ultrasound irradiation. This study investigated the impact of thermal treatments at 400, 600, and 900&#xa0;°C on the structural, morphological, textural, and optical properties of the WO<sub>3</sub> powders. Similarly, changes in gas detection performance were analyzed to explain the interaction between surface features and sensing capabilities. Particularly, modifications in surface morphology as well as structural and optical properties were observed. X-ray diffraction analysis and Raman spectroscopy confirm the ɣ-WO<sub>3</sub> monoclinic phase. The Williamson–Hall and size–strain plot methods were used to study the lattice strain and dislocation density of the WO<sub>3</sub> powders. The optical properties of the WO<sub>3</sub> powders were examined using ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–Vis DRS). By estimating the film band gap energy (Eg), conducted by the Kubelka–Munk theory, the stability of the WO<sub>3</sub> powder values was identified at different temperatures. This value stability underscores the robustness of fabricated WO<sub>3</sub> film sensors for potential applications in gas sensing. The WO<sub>3</sub> film sensor obtained at 400&#xa0;°C showed a notably shorter response and recovery time upon exposure to CO<sub>2</sub>, highlighting its potential for fast and efficient sensing applications. Meanwhile, the WO<sub>3</sub> film sensor fabricated at 600&#xa0;°C revealed high response characteristics and superior sensitivity to CO<sub>2</sub> exposure, providing a comprehensive understanding of how thermal treatment influences gas sensing performance. These revelations have significantly advanced the development of WO<sub>3</sub> film sensors aimed at effective CO<sub>2</sub> detection. </p>

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WO3 film sensors: attributes in gas detection for CO2

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月29日

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  • M. Conde-Guevara,
  • Venkata Krishna Karthik Tangirala,
  • A. Méndez-Blas,
  • R. Silva-Gónzalez,
  • J. Martínez-Juárez,
  • M. J. Robles-Águila

摘要

This manuscript outlines an efficient methodology for developing WO3 film sensors for CO2 using the doctor blade deposition technique. WO3 powders were obtained by the co-precipitation method assisted by ultrasound irradiation. This study investigated the impact of thermal treatments at 400, 600, and 900 °C on the structural, morphological, textural, and optical properties of the WO3 powders. Similarly, changes in gas detection performance were analyzed to explain the interaction between surface features and sensing capabilities. Particularly, modifications in surface morphology as well as structural and optical properties were observed. X-ray diffraction analysis and Raman spectroscopy confirm the ɣ-WO3 monoclinic phase. The Williamson–Hall and size–strain plot methods were used to study the lattice strain and dislocation density of the WO3 powders. The optical properties of the WO3 powders were examined using ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–Vis DRS). By estimating the film band gap energy (Eg), conducted by the Kubelka–Munk theory, the stability of the WO3 powder values was identified at different temperatures. This value stability underscores the robustness of fabricated WO3 film sensors for potential applications in gas sensing. The WO3 film sensor obtained at 400 °C showed a notably shorter response and recovery time upon exposure to CO2, highlighting its potential for fast and efficient sensing applications. Meanwhile, the WO3 film sensor fabricated at 600 °C revealed high response characteristics and superior sensitivity to CO2 exposure, providing a comprehensive understanding of how thermal treatment influences gas sensing performance. These revelations have significantly advanced the development of WO3 film sensors aimed at effective CO2 detection.