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<p>Nanotechnology is revolutionizing various fields, including environmental monitoring. CuO nanorods (NRs) based gas sensors exhibit high sensitivity and selectivity for precise NO₂ detection, crucial for addressing environmental and health risks. This study explores the impact of reaction temperature and pH on the structural, optical, and electronic properties of CuO NRs synthesized by co-precipitation. Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction (XRD) data confirmed the formation of single-phase monoclinic CuO NRs (space group: C2/c), while transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis verified their nanorod morphology. FESEM analysis with size distribution revealed average diameters of nanorods ~ 143&#xa0;nm for CuO NRs-1 and ~ 75&#xa0;nm for CuO NRs-2. UV–Vis spectroscopy was employed to analyze the optical properties of the synthesized nanoparticles. Linear and nonlinear optical properties were analyzed to understand the material’s optical behavior. Dispersion parameters and high-frequency dielectric constant (ε<sub>∞</sub>) were calculated using the Wemple-DiDomenico model, and both volume (VELF) and surface (SELF) energy loss functions were subsequently analyzed. The computed plasma frequencies (ω<sub>p</sub>) for CuO NRs-1 and CuO NRs-2 are 3.28 × 10<sup>15</sup>&#xa0;Hz and 2.08 × 10<sup>15</sup>&#xa0;Hz, respectively, while their electronic polarizations (α<sub>p</sub>) are 2.73 × 10<sup>–24</sup> cm<sup>3</sup> and 2.66 × 10<sup>–24</sup> cm<sup>3</sup>. Nonlinear optical parameters, including refractive index and third-order susceptibility, were evaluated. Furthermore, the CuO NRs-2 sensor exhibited the highest sensing response toward 1–10&#xa0;ppm of NO<sub>2</sub> gas, significantly outperforming its responses to SO<sub>2</sub>, CO, H<sub>2</sub>, and NH<sub>3</sub>. The enhanced selectivity and sensitivity at the optimized operating temperature of 200&#xa0;°C are attributed to the CuO/Cu<sub>2</sub>O heterostructure present in CuO NRs-2.</p>

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CuO nanoparticles: structural, optical and electronic properties with gas sensing performance for efficient detection of NO2 gas

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月17日

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  • Soumen Rakshit,
  • Subhadip Mondal,
  • Paresh Chandra Jana,
  • Raktim Datta

摘要

Nanotechnology is revolutionizing various fields, including environmental monitoring. CuO nanorods (NRs) based gas sensors exhibit high sensitivity and selectivity for precise NO₂ detection, crucial for addressing environmental and health risks. This study explores the impact of reaction temperature and pH on the structural, optical, and electronic properties of CuO NRs synthesized by co-precipitation. Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction (XRD) data confirmed the formation of single-phase monoclinic CuO NRs (space group: C2/c), while transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis verified their nanorod morphology. FESEM analysis with size distribution revealed average diameters of nanorods ~ 143 nm for CuO NRs-1 and ~ 75 nm for CuO NRs-2. UV–Vis spectroscopy was employed to analyze the optical properties of the synthesized nanoparticles. Linear and nonlinear optical properties were analyzed to understand the material’s optical behavior. Dispersion parameters and high-frequency dielectric constant (ε∞) were calculated using the Wemple-DiDomenico model, and both volume (VELF) and surface (SELF) energy loss functions were subsequently analyzed. The computed plasma frequencies (ωp) for CuO NRs-1 and CuO NRs-2 are 3.28 × 1015 Hz and 2.08 × 1015 Hz, respectively, while their electronic polarizations (αp) are 2.73 × 10–24 cm3 and 2.66 × 10–24 cm3. Nonlinear optical parameters, including refractive index and third-order susceptibility, were evaluated. Furthermore, the CuO NRs-2 sensor exhibited the highest sensing response toward 1–10 ppm of NO2 gas, significantly outperforming its responses to SO2, CO, H2, and NH3. The enhanced selectivity and sensitivity at the optimized operating temperature of 200 °C are attributed to the CuO/Cu2O heterostructure present in CuO NRs-2.