<p>This study explores the influence of the Co<sup>2+</sup>/Ni<sup>2+</sup> ratio in the bath on the structural, morphological, and magnetic properties of CoNi thin films electrodeposited onto FTO substrates. The investigation reveals a dependence of film characteristics on Co content. Anomalous codeposition of Cobalt (Co) and Nickel (Ni) is observed, leading to increased Co content and thicker films with rising Co<sup>2+</sup>/Ni<sup>2+</sup> ratios. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) detects FCC and HCP phases depending on the Co percentage. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) unveils variations in film morphology, while atomic force microscopy (AFM) confirms the granular nature of the films. Magnetic characterization demonstrates soft ferromagnetic behavior with tunable coercive field and saturation magnetization influenced by Co content. The highest squareness ratio (<i>S</i> = 0.83) is achieved for the Co-rich film (Co<sub>93</sub>Ni<sub>7</sub>), followed by <i>S</i> = 0.70 for Co<sub>59</sub>Ni<sub>41</sub> and <i>S</i> = 0.68 for Co<sub>30</sub>Ni<sub>70</sub>, indicating improved magnetic anisotropy and single-domain configuration with increasing cobalt concentration. These high squareness values suggest optimal magnetic stability, particularly in Co-rich films. Density Functional theory (DFT) calculations of magnetization show strong coherence with experimental results, further validating the observed trends. These enhancements in magnetic properties suggest promising applications in magnetic recording media, where high squareness and tunable coercivity are critical for optimizing data storage density and reliability. These findings elucidate the interplay between Co content and thin film properties, paving the way for tailored CoNi thin films for applications like magnetic recording.</p>

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Effect of Co2+/Ni2+ ratio on the structure, morphology, and magnetism of electrodeposited CoNi thin films: experimental and DFT analysis

  • Ala Boulegane,
  • Abderrahim Guittoum,
  • Abderrahim Hadj Larbi,
  • Delloula Lakhdari,
  • Ammar Kassaa,
  • Mokhtar Boudissa

摘要

This study explores the influence of the Co2+/Ni2+ ratio in the bath on the structural, morphological, and magnetic properties of CoNi thin films electrodeposited onto FTO substrates. The investigation reveals a dependence of film characteristics on Co content. Anomalous codeposition of Cobalt (Co) and Nickel (Ni) is observed, leading to increased Co content and thicker films with rising Co2+/Ni2+ ratios. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) detects FCC and HCP phases depending on the Co percentage. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) unveils variations in film morphology, while atomic force microscopy (AFM) confirms the granular nature of the films. Magnetic characterization demonstrates soft ferromagnetic behavior with tunable coercive field and saturation magnetization influenced by Co content. The highest squareness ratio (S = 0.83) is achieved for the Co-rich film (Co93Ni7), followed by S = 0.70 for Co59Ni41 and S = 0.68 for Co30Ni70, indicating improved magnetic anisotropy and single-domain configuration with increasing cobalt concentration. These high squareness values suggest optimal magnetic stability, particularly in Co-rich films. Density Functional theory (DFT) calculations of magnetization show strong coherence with experimental results, further validating the observed trends. These enhancements in magnetic properties suggest promising applications in magnetic recording media, where high squareness and tunable coercivity are critical for optimizing data storage density and reliability. These findings elucidate the interplay between Co content and thin film properties, paving the way for tailored CoNi thin films for applications like magnetic recording.