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<p>This study explores the synthesis, characterization, and photocatalytic performance of lanthanum oxide (La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) nanoparticles in degrading organic dyes. Using a hydrothermal approach, La<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles were synthesized at different pH levels (8, 10, and 12) to evaluate the effect of pH on structural and optical properties. Characterization techniques, including XRD, TEM, FTIR, UV–Vis spectroscopy, and PL analysis, confirmed the nanoparticles' hexagonal phase structure, increased crystallinity, and reduced bandgap energy with higher pH. SAED analysis further validated the crystalline nature of the nanoparticles, with enhanced diffraction spots and rings at higher pH, indicating improved crystallinity and particle growth, which is consistent with the XRD results. The photocatalytic activity was tested against six dyes, methylene blue, rhodamine B, malachite green, methyl red, methyl violet, and methyl orange, under halogen light. Degradation efficiencies of up to 91.5% were achieved, and comparable efficiencies for other dyes at pH 12 with higher pH-synthesized nanoparticles showed superior performance due to reduced electron–hole recombination, enhanced light absorption, and improved surface properties. Kinetic studies revealed first-order reaction behavior, while recyclability experiments demonstrated the catalyst's stability over multiple cycles.</p>

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A comparison of photocatalytic degradation of six organic dyes by pH-modulated La2O3 nanoparticles

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月18日

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  • S. Rahul,
  • Amal George,
  • J. Vinoth Kumar,
  • R. Shankar,
  • A. Dhayal Raj,
  • M. Senthil Kumar,
  • S. John Sundaram,
  • R. Suresh Babu,
  • Mir Waqas Alam

摘要

This study explores the synthesis, characterization, and photocatalytic performance of lanthanum oxide (La2O3) nanoparticles in degrading organic dyes. Using a hydrothermal approach, La2O3 nanoparticles were synthesized at different pH levels (8, 10, and 12) to evaluate the effect of pH on structural and optical properties. Characterization techniques, including XRD, TEM, FTIR, UV–Vis spectroscopy, and PL analysis, confirmed the nanoparticles' hexagonal phase structure, increased crystallinity, and reduced bandgap energy with higher pH. SAED analysis further validated the crystalline nature of the nanoparticles, with enhanced diffraction spots and rings at higher pH, indicating improved crystallinity and particle growth, which is consistent with the XRD results. The photocatalytic activity was tested against six dyes, methylene blue, rhodamine B, malachite green, methyl red, methyl violet, and methyl orange, under halogen light. Degradation efficiencies of up to 91.5% were achieved, and comparable efficiencies for other dyes at pH 12 with higher pH-synthesized nanoparticles showed superior performance due to reduced electron–hole recombination, enhanced light absorption, and improved surface properties. Kinetic studies revealed first-order reaction behavior, while recyclability experiments demonstrated the catalyst's stability over multiple cycles.