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<p>This study investigates the role of CaZrO<sub>3</sub> doping in suppressing oxygen vacancies and enhancing the dielectric properties of BaTiO<sub>3</sub> ceramics sintered in reducing atmospheres, a critical challenge for base-metal electrode multilayer ceramic capacitors (BME-MLCCs). Advanced characterization techniques, including X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and impedance spectroscopy, reveal that CaZrO<sub>3</sub> doping significantly reduces oxygen vacancy concentrations and Ti<sup>3+</sup> formation, mitigating defect-induced leakage currents. The optimized doping level (4-mol% CaZrO<sub>3</sub>) promotes the formation of a core–shell microstructure, stabilizing the dielectric properties while achieving a high insulation resistivity and maintaining a dielectric constant of ~ 1900. These findings demonstrate that CaZrO<sub>3</sub> not only shifts the Curie temperature but also enhances long-term reliability and operational stability under reducing conditions. This study addresses critical gaps in existing research by providing a comprehensive understanding of defect suppression mechanisms and offering practical solutions for advancing high-reliability BME-MLCCs.</p>

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Effects of CaZrO3 doping on the oxygen vacancy formation and dielectric properties of BaTiO3 ceramics sintered in a reducing atmosphere

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月16日

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  • Hsuan-Jung Hsu,
  • Kai Hsun Yang,
  • Hsing-I Hsiang

摘要

This study investigates the role of CaZrO3 doping in suppressing oxygen vacancies and enhancing the dielectric properties of BaTiO3 ceramics sintered in reducing atmospheres, a critical challenge for base-metal electrode multilayer ceramic capacitors (BME-MLCCs). Advanced characterization techniques, including X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and impedance spectroscopy, reveal that CaZrO3 doping significantly reduces oxygen vacancy concentrations and Ti3+ formation, mitigating defect-induced leakage currents. The optimized doping level (4-mol% CaZrO3) promotes the formation of a core–shell microstructure, stabilizing the dielectric properties while achieving a high insulation resistivity and maintaining a dielectric constant of ~ 1900. These findings demonstrate that CaZrO3 not only shifts the Curie temperature but also enhances long-term reliability and operational stability under reducing conditions. This study addresses critical gaps in existing research by providing a comprehensive understanding of defect suppression mechanisms and offering practical solutions for advancing high-reliability BME-MLCCs.