Review: structure–magnetism interplay in organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites—design principles, stability challenges, and emerging spintronic implications
摘要
Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites have attracted increasing attention as structurally versatile materials with tunable electronic and magnetic properties. While their optoelectronic applications are well established, their potential in magnetism and spin-dependent phenomena remains comparatively underexplored. This review provides a focused and systematic analysis of the relationship between crystal structure, compositional engineering, and magnetic behavior in hybrid perovskites. We first examine the fundamental structural features governing hybrid perovskites, including dimensionality, octahedral distortions, and tolerance factor considerations, and discuss how these parameters influence magnetic exchange pathways. Emphasis is placed on the incorporation of magnetic ions within hybrid frameworks and the resulting evolution of magnetic states, ranging from paramagnetic to cooperative magnetic ordering.Mechanisms underlying spin interactions, including superexchange and spin–orbit coupling effects, are critically evaluated within the context of hybrid lattice environments. The review further addresses key limitations that currently hinder practical implementation, including environmental instability, thermal degradation, and challenges associated with material lifetime and disposal. Comparisons with inorganic perovskite counterparts are presented to clarify the advantages and limitations of hybrid systems in magnetic and spin-related applications. Finally, emerging directions are outlined, highlighting strategies such as compositional tuning, low-dimensional architecture, and interface engineering to improve magnetic functionality and stability. Rather than presenting hybrid perovskites as established spintronic materials, this review positions them as an evolving platform with specific challenges that must be addressed for future integration into spin-based devices.