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<p>The poor toughness of friction heat-driven polycaprolactone/epoxy (PCL/EP) solid<b>–</b>liquid phase transition coating significantly restricts their practical applications. To address this challenge, zirconium dioxide nanoparticles (ZrO<sub>2</sub> NPs) with low thermal conductivity are introduced as a dual-functional filler, leveraging their exceptional mechanical properties. ZrO<sub>2</sub>@PCL/EP composite coatings with varying NP contents (0, 4, 6, and 8&#xa0;wt%) were fabricated, and their interface temperature, mechanical properties, and tribological behavior were systematically characterized. Tribological evaluation revealed that the coating with 4&#xa0;wt% ZrO<sub>2</sub> NPs exhibited the most outstanding wear resistance, reducing wear rates by 31.0%, 41.3%, and 20.7% at 2000, 500, and 100 rpm, respectively, compared to the ZrO<sub>2</sub>-free coating. This enhanced performance is attributed to a synergistic mechanism where the ZrO<sub>2</sub> NPs with low thermal conductivity strengthen the coating mechanically, thereby promoting favorable solid<b>–</b>liquid phase transitions of PCL for improved lubrication. This work provides new insights into designing intelligent composite coatings with adaptive solid<b>–</b>liquid phase-change lubrication and superior mechanical properties.</p> Graphical abstract

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Role of ZrO2 fillers in enhancing mechanical strength and tribological performance of PCL/epoxy-based solid–liquid phase-change coatings

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月31日

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  • Xianjin Ma,
  • Xiaoli Qiu,
  • Hao Li,
  • Yuting Li,
  • Guojuan Liu,
  • Minhao Zhu

摘要

The poor toughness of friction heat-driven polycaprolactone/epoxy (PCL/EP) solid–liquid phase transition coating significantly restricts their practical applications. To address this challenge, zirconium dioxide nanoparticles (ZrO2 NPs) with low thermal conductivity are introduced as a dual-functional filler, leveraging their exceptional mechanical properties. ZrO2@PCL/EP composite coatings with varying NP contents (0, 4, 6, and 8 wt%) were fabricated, and their interface temperature, mechanical properties, and tribological behavior were systematically characterized. Tribological evaluation revealed that the coating with 4 wt% ZrO2 NPs exhibited the most outstanding wear resistance, reducing wear rates by 31.0%, 41.3%, and 20.7% at 2000, 500, and 100 rpm, respectively, compared to the ZrO2-free coating. This enhanced performance is attributed to a synergistic mechanism where the ZrO2 NPs with low thermal conductivity strengthen the coating mechanically, thereby promoting favorable solid–liquid phase transitions of PCL for improved lubrication. This work provides new insights into designing intelligent composite coatings with adaptive solid–liquid phase-change lubrication and superior mechanical properties.

Graphical abstract