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<p>Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are considered promising next-generation energy storage systems because of their high theoretical energy density and the natural abundance of sulfur. However, their practical application is still hindered by unstable lithium metal interfaces, sluggish solid-state reaction kinetics, and the safety issues associated with conventional liquid electrolytes. In this work, a Li<sub>7</sub>P<sub>3</sub>S<sub>11</sub> (LPS)-modified composite polymer electrolyte was developed by incorporating LPS into a PAN/PVDF-HFP polymer matrix. The obtained composite membrane exhibited an ionic conductivity of 7.73 × 10<sup>–4</sup>&#xa0;S&#xa0;cm<sup>−1</sup> at room temperature and an electrochemical stability window of about 4.8&#xa0;V (vs. Li<sup>+</sup>/Li), together with acceptable thermal stability and improved mechanical strength relative to the PVDF-HFP@PAN matrix. In Li/SPE/Li symmetric cells, the electrolyte enabled prolonged lithium plating/stripping under the present testing conditions. When applied in CS/SPE/Li full cells, the composite electrolyte delivered an initial discharge capacity of 917&#xa0;mAh&#xa0;g<sup>−1</sup> at 0.05&#xa0;C and maintained reversible electrochemical activity during cycling at different current rates. These results indicate that combining LPS with a PAN/PVDF-HFP polymer framework is a feasible strategy for constructing composite electrolytes for solid-state Li–S batteries. Although further optimization of sulfur utilization, interfacial compatibility, and reaction kinetics is still required, this work provides an effective composite electrolyte design route for the development of solid-state lithium–sulfur batteries.</p> Graphical abstract

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Li7P3S11-modified PAN/PVDF-HFP composite polymer electrolyte for solid-state lithium–sulfur batteries

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月3日

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  • Hongfei Zhao,
  • Zengfu Wang,
  • Qixin Gai,
  • Hongtao Gao

摘要

Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries are considered promising next-generation energy storage systems because of their high theoretical energy density and the natural abundance of sulfur. However, their practical application is still hindered by unstable lithium metal interfaces, sluggish solid-state reaction kinetics, and the safety issues associated with conventional liquid electrolytes. In this work, a Li7P3S11 (LPS)-modified composite polymer electrolyte was developed by incorporating LPS into a PAN/PVDF-HFP polymer matrix. The obtained composite membrane exhibited an ionic conductivity of 7.73 × 10–4 S cm−1 at room temperature and an electrochemical stability window of about 4.8 V (vs. Li+/Li), together with acceptable thermal stability and improved mechanical strength relative to the PVDF-HFP@PAN matrix. In Li/SPE/Li symmetric cells, the electrolyte enabled prolonged lithium plating/stripping under the present testing conditions. When applied in CS/SPE/Li full cells, the composite electrolyte delivered an initial discharge capacity of 917 mAh g−1 at 0.05 C and maintained reversible electrochemical activity during cycling at different current rates. These results indicate that combining LPS with a PAN/PVDF-HFP polymer framework is a feasible strategy for constructing composite electrolytes for solid-state Li–S batteries. Although further optimization of sulfur utilization, interfacial compatibility, and reaction kinetics is still required, this work provides an effective composite electrolyte design route for the development of solid-state lithium–sulfur batteries.

Graphical abstract