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<p>Epoxy resins are ubiquitous in industrial applications, yet the accumulation of waste from thermosetting production poses a serious environmental threat. To address the persistent trade-off between mechanical robustness and degradability in existing epoxy systems, we herein synthesize a multifunctional epoxy resin (TiPPAEP) via amidation and epoxidation from phthalic anhydride, diisopropanolamine, and epichlorohydrin. TiPPAEP exhibits high tensile strength, elongation, impact strength, and intrinsic degradability. When used as a modifier for bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), TiPPAEP substantially enhances both toughness and strength. Specifically, incorporating 10% TiPPAEP into BADGE increases tensile strength by 80.6%, flexural strength by 14.7%, impact strength by 125.7%, and elongation at break by 106.0%. These improvements arise from the synergistic interplay of cross-linking density, free volume, and excellent compatibility. Additionally, the TiPPAEP/BADGE system achieves degradation into small-molecule monomers under mild conditions (0.5&#xa0;mol/L HNO<sub>3</sub>/DMF at 90&#xa0;°C for 6h) via cleavage of C–N and ether bonds. This work provides a high-strength, degradable bifunctional epoxy additive for fabricating strong and tough materials, offering a promising pathway toward sustainable high-performance thermosets.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Design and synthesis of multifunctional epoxy resins with high tensile, elongation, impact property, and degradable

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月20日

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  • Tongtong Zhang,
  • Longlong Sun,
  • Wenya Zhang,
  • Haoran Chu,
  • Kun Yin,
  • Jihuai Tan

摘要

Epoxy resins are ubiquitous in industrial applications, yet the accumulation of waste from thermosetting production poses a serious environmental threat. To address the persistent trade-off between mechanical robustness and degradability in existing epoxy systems, we herein synthesize a multifunctional epoxy resin (TiPPAEP) via amidation and epoxidation from phthalic anhydride, diisopropanolamine, and epichlorohydrin. TiPPAEP exhibits high tensile strength, elongation, impact strength, and intrinsic degradability. When used as a modifier for bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), TiPPAEP substantially enhances both toughness and strength. Specifically, incorporating 10% TiPPAEP into BADGE increases tensile strength by 80.6%, flexural strength by 14.7%, impact strength by 125.7%, and elongation at break by 106.0%. These improvements arise from the synergistic interplay of cross-linking density, free volume, and excellent compatibility. Additionally, the TiPPAEP/BADGE system achieves degradation into small-molecule monomers under mild conditions (0.5 mol/L HNO3/DMF at 90 °C for 6h) via cleavage of C–N and ether bonds. This work provides a high-strength, degradable bifunctional epoxy additive for fabricating strong and tough materials, offering a promising pathway toward sustainable high-performance thermosets.

Graphical abstract