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<p>Amid the new wave of revolution in next-generation power electronic technologies, the advancement of lead-free dielectric ceramics capable of high energy storage performance remains a challenging task. In the present work, a high-entropy component Sr<sub>0.75</sub>Sm<sub>0.25</sub>(Mg<sub>0.25</sub>Nb<sub>0.25</sub>Hf<sub>0.25</sub>Zr<sub>0.25</sub>)O<sub>3</sub> (SNZ) was introduced into (0.75BaTiO<sub>3</sub>-0.25Na<sub>0.5</sub>Bi<sub>0.5</sub>TiO<sub>3</sub>) (B<sub>1</sub>NB<sub>2</sub>T) to form solid solutions. The introduction of SNZ improves the relaxor characteristics and insulating performance of the ceramics, thereby increasing the breakdown strength (<i>E</i><sub>b</sub>) and simultaneously enhancing <i>W</i><sub>rec</sub> together with the associated energy storage efficiency (<i>η</i>). For the optimal composition, 0.85(0.75BaTiO<sub>3</sub>-0.25Na<sub>0.5</sub>Ba<sub>0.5</sub>TiO<sub>3</sub>)-0.15Sr<sub>0.75</sub>Sm<sub>0.25</sub>(Mg<sub>0.25</sub>Nb<sub>0.25</sub>Hf<sub>0.25</sub>Zr<sub>0.25</sub>)O<sub>3</sub>, a recoverable energy density reaching 4.20&#xa0;J/cm<sup>3</sup> is achieved under a breakdown electric field of 300&#xa0;kV/cm, accompanied by an energy storage efficiency of 87.4%. This composition maintains stable performance over a temperature range of 30–100&#xa0;°C and within a frequency window of 10–1500&#xa0;Hz, while delivering an ultrafast discharge process, with only 16&#xa0;ns required for 90% energy release. This work outlines a high-entropy-based design approach that enables the development of high-performance lead-free dielectric materials for energy storage. The energy storage performance demonstrated by the B<sub>1</sub>NB<sub>2</sub>T-<i>x</i>SNZ ceramics confirms their potential for use as high-entropy lead-free materials in energy storage applications.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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High-entropy engineering toward enhanced energy storage performance in BaTiO3-based lead-free relaxor ferroelectric ceramics

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月16日

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  • Jun-Yu Huang,
  • Yan-Ping Jiang,
  • Jie Dai,
  • Lin Zhang,
  • Xi Zhu,
  • Rong-Shen Tong,
  • Xin-Gui Tang,
  • Wen-Hua Li,
  • Xiao-Bin Guo,
  • Zhen-Hua Tang,
  • GuangPing Zheng

摘要

Amid the new wave of revolution in next-generation power electronic technologies, the advancement of lead-free dielectric ceramics capable of high energy storage performance remains a challenging task. In the present work, a high-entropy component Sr0.75Sm0.25(Mg0.25Nb0.25Hf0.25Zr0.25)O3 (SNZ) was introduced into (0.75BaTiO3-0.25Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3) (B1NB2T) to form solid solutions. The introduction of SNZ improves the relaxor characteristics and insulating performance of the ceramics, thereby increasing the breakdown strength (Eb) and simultaneously enhancing Wrec together with the associated energy storage efficiency (η). For the optimal composition, 0.85(0.75BaTiO3-0.25Na0.5Ba0.5TiO3)-0.15Sr0.75Sm0.25(Mg0.25Nb0.25Hf0.25Zr0.25)O3, a recoverable energy density reaching 4.20 J/cm3 is achieved under a breakdown electric field of 300 kV/cm, accompanied by an energy storage efficiency of 87.4%. This composition maintains stable performance over a temperature range of 30–100 °C and within a frequency window of 10–1500 Hz, while delivering an ultrafast discharge process, with only 16 ns required for 90% energy release. This work outlines a high-entropy-based design approach that enables the development of high-performance lead-free dielectric materials for energy storage. The energy storage performance demonstrated by the B1NB2T-xSNZ ceramics confirms their potential for use as high-entropy lead-free materials in energy storage applications.

Graphical abstract