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<p>Phase change materials (PCMs) face challenges of low thermal conductivity and poor photothermal conversion efficiency in thermal energy storage applications. To address these issues, the microstructure of materials can be engineered by constructing channel structures to enhance heat transfer pathways, or by incorporating thermally conductive fillers to improve thermal performance. In this study, novel aerogels (CMC-PVA-BP) with a directional pore structure were prepared via a directional freezing method, using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as the matrix, along with black phosphorus nanosheets (BP) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as synergistic photothermal and thermally conductive fillers. The resulting CMC-PVA-BP30 aerogel exhibits a porosity of 76.70%, an average pore diameter of approximately 0.461&#xa0;μm, and a compressive strength of 0.74&#xa0;MPa at 80% strain, indicative of its favorable mechanical properties. After loading hexadecanol (HD) into the aerogel, the composite PCM (HD/CP-BP30) achieves a phase change enthalpy of 208.75&#xa0;kJ&#xa0;kg<sup>−1</sup>, which remains at 196.30&#xa0;kJ&#xa0;kg<sup>−1</sup> after 100 cycles. The thermal conductivity of the HD/CP-BP90 increases by 283.25% compared to pure HD, reaching 0.6132 W&#xa0;m<sup>−1</sup>&#xa0;K<sup>−1</sup>. Its photothermal conversion efficiency reaches 91.72%, and it also exhibits a certain thermoelectric effect. These results indicate that the composite material combines efficient thermal storage, rapid heat transfer, and excellent photothermal conversion performance, showing significant potential for applications in solar photothermal conversion and thermoelectric energy storage.</p> Graphical abstract <p>In this work, structurally stable composite phase change materials (HD/CP-BP) were constructed by encapsulating hexadecanol into the CMC-PVA-BP aerogels framework via directional freezing. The materials effectively prevent leakage during the phase change process and exhibit excellent mechanical properties, high photothermal conversion efficiency, reliable thermal storage capacity, and a certain thermoelectric response.</p> <p></p>

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Black phosphorus and carbon nanotube-reinforced aerogel phase change materials for solar-thermal conversion

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月24日

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  • Laihong Geng,
  • Xiaoyi Wang,
  • Ting Li,
  • Yanqing Wang,
  • Jiyan Li,
  • Weidong Liang

摘要

Phase change materials (PCMs) face challenges of low thermal conductivity and poor photothermal conversion efficiency in thermal energy storage applications. To address these issues, the microstructure of materials can be engineered by constructing channel structures to enhance heat transfer pathways, or by incorporating thermally conductive fillers to improve thermal performance. In this study, novel aerogels (CMC-PVA-BP) with a directional pore structure were prepared via a directional freezing method, using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as the matrix, along with black phosphorus nanosheets (BP) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as synergistic photothermal and thermally conductive fillers. The resulting CMC-PVA-BP30 aerogel exhibits a porosity of 76.70%, an average pore diameter of approximately 0.461 μm, and a compressive strength of 0.74 MPa at 80% strain, indicative of its favorable mechanical properties. After loading hexadecanol (HD) into the aerogel, the composite PCM (HD/CP-BP30) achieves a phase change enthalpy of 208.75 kJ kg−1, which remains at 196.30 kJ kg−1 after 100 cycles. The thermal conductivity of the HD/CP-BP90 increases by 283.25% compared to pure HD, reaching 0.6132 W m−1 K−1. Its photothermal conversion efficiency reaches 91.72%, and it also exhibits a certain thermoelectric effect. These results indicate that the composite material combines efficient thermal storage, rapid heat transfer, and excellent photothermal conversion performance, showing significant potential for applications in solar photothermal conversion and thermoelectric energy storage.

Graphical abstract

In this work, structurally stable composite phase change materials (HD/CP-BP) were constructed by encapsulating hexadecanol into the CMC-PVA-BP aerogels framework via directional freezing. The materials effectively prevent leakage during the phase change process and exhibit excellent mechanical properties, high photothermal conversion efficiency, reliable thermal storage capacity, and a certain thermoelectric response.