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<p>In this study, Ag–cellulose nanofiber (CNF) composite films were fabricated by electroplating using TEMPO-oxidized CNF to improve their mechanical properties. The effects of CNF concentration on the Ag reduction behavior, structural characteristics, and mechanical and electrical properties were investigated at concentrations of 0.0, 1.0, and 3.0&#xa0;g/L. Electrochemical analysis revealed that CNF addition shifted the open-circuit potential toward more negative values and increased the overpotential for Ag reduction and attributed to electrode blocking by the insulating CNF and to a possible Ag–carboxylate interaction; ATR-FTIR indicated CNF incorporation into the films. Morphological observation revealed that CNF addition led to the formation of high-aspect-ratio needle-like structures. EBSD analysis showed that the mean grain size was essentially unchanged, whereas the low-angle grain boundary fraction was highest at 1.0&#xa0;g/L. While electrical resistivity increased with CNF concentration owing to its insulating nature, the mechanical performance was substantially enhanced. Specifically, at a concentration of 3.0&#xa0;g/L, the Vickers hardness increased by 24.6%, and the wear volume decreased by 59.8% compared to pure Ag plating films. Because the mean grain size was unchanged, these improvements are attributed primarily to dispersion strengthening by the incorporated CNF. These results indicate that CNF incorporation is an effective method for developing highly wear-resistant Ag-based composite coatings.</p>

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Fabrication, microstructure, and electrical and mechanical properties of Ag/TEMPO-oxidized cellulose nanofiber composite films

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月17日

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  • Tatsuya Kobayashi,
  • Sota Mori,
  • Ikuo Shohji

摘要

In this study, Ag–cellulose nanofiber (CNF) composite films were fabricated by electroplating using TEMPO-oxidized CNF to improve their mechanical properties. The effects of CNF concentration on the Ag reduction behavior, structural characteristics, and mechanical and electrical properties were investigated at concentrations of 0.0, 1.0, and 3.0 g/L. Electrochemical analysis revealed that CNF addition shifted the open-circuit potential toward more negative values and increased the overpotential for Ag reduction and attributed to electrode blocking by the insulating CNF and to a possible Ag–carboxylate interaction; ATR-FTIR indicated CNF incorporation into the films. Morphological observation revealed that CNF addition led to the formation of high-aspect-ratio needle-like structures. EBSD analysis showed that the mean grain size was essentially unchanged, whereas the low-angle grain boundary fraction was highest at 1.0 g/L. While electrical resistivity increased with CNF concentration owing to its insulating nature, the mechanical performance was substantially enhanced. Specifically, at a concentration of 3.0 g/L, the Vickers hardness increased by 24.6%, and the wear volume decreased by 59.8% compared to pure Ag plating films. Because the mean grain size was unchanged, these improvements are attributed primarily to dispersion strengthening by the incorporated CNF. These results indicate that CNF incorporation is an effective method for developing highly wear-resistant Ag-based composite coatings.