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<p>A new single-phase high-entropy oxide TiHfNbTaZnO<sub>10</sub>, having a monoclinic <i>P</i>2/<i>c</i> space group, with a bandgap of 2.6 eV was synthesized via high-pressure torsion and successive calcination. The synthesized material was further processed by ball milling to induce powder fragmentation and partial amorphization. The partially amorphous ball-milled sample exhibited preserved elemental homogeneity at micro- and nanoscales, while its bandgap was enlarged to 3.2&#xa0;eV. Despite bandgap broadening, ball milling enhanced the conduction band minimum by 0.8 eV, improving the overpotential for the reduction reactions. The ball-milled photocatalyst demonstrated remarkable enhancement in photocatalytic activity for water splitting and CO<sub>2</sub> conversion, such as 4.6 times higher hydrogen production without co-catalyst addition, 13.5 times higher hydrogen production in the presence of platinum co-catalyst, 2.5 times CO production, and 1.4 times CH<sub>4</sub> production. The material exhibited excellent stability over multiple photocatalytic cycles, positioning powder-engineered high-entropy oxides as promising candidates for photocatalysis.</p>

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Ball milling for powder engineering and partial amorphization of high-entropy oxide TiHfNbTaZnO10, synthesized via high-pressure torsion, to enhance photocatalytic reactions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月8日

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  • Jacqueline Hidalgo-Jiménez,
  • Leonard Kwati,
  • Hiroshige Matsumoto,
  • Kaveh Edalati

摘要

A new single-phase high-entropy oxide TiHfNbTaZnO10, having a monoclinic P2/c space group, with a bandgap of 2.6 eV was synthesized via high-pressure torsion and successive calcination. The synthesized material was further processed by ball milling to induce powder fragmentation and partial amorphization. The partially amorphous ball-milled sample exhibited preserved elemental homogeneity at micro- and nanoscales, while its bandgap was enlarged to 3.2 eV. Despite bandgap broadening, ball milling enhanced the conduction band minimum by 0.8 eV, improving the overpotential for the reduction reactions. The ball-milled photocatalyst demonstrated remarkable enhancement in photocatalytic activity for water splitting and CO2 conversion, such as 4.6 times higher hydrogen production without co-catalyst addition, 13.5 times higher hydrogen production in the presence of platinum co-catalyst, 2.5 times CO production, and 1.4 times CH4 production. The material exhibited excellent stability over multiple photocatalytic cycles, positioning powder-engineered high-entropy oxides as promising candidates for photocatalysis.