<p>Vacuum insulation panels (VIPs) are attractive for use in energy-efficient buildings and advanced thermal management applications due to their ultralow effective thermal conductivity and high thermal resistance at minimal thicknesses. Silica aerogels and aerogel composites are promising VIP core materials as their nanoporous networks suppress gas-phase conduction under reduced pressure and enable tunable infrared extinction. VIPs incorporating these materials are referred to as aerogel composite core VIPs (ACC-VIPs). However, high fabrication costs and process complexity, mechanical fragility, and long-term thermal performance degradation caused by moisture uptake and vacuum loss continue to impede the large-scale deployment of ACC-VIPs. This review systematically summarizes recent advances in the fabrication, thermal performance, and long-term durability of ACC-VIPs. The key fabrication routes, including sol-gel casting, particle-mixed molding, and drying and post-treatment strategies, are discussed, with an emphasis on scalability and nanopore preservation. The heat transfer mechanisms are examined through a comparison of analytical and numerical models that account for solid conduction, Knudsen-limited gas conduction, and radiative transfer. Furthermore, the effects of core density, pore size, and fiber reinforcement on thermal performance and mechanical integrity are analyzed. Finally, aging pathways, the effects of moisture ingress, and service life prediction methods are discussed, with particular attention to the system-level interactions between the core and the barrier envelope. This review provides a framework for material selection, composite design, and reliable service life assessment for ACC-VIP technologies.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>