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<p>Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are crystalline porous materials formed through the self-assembly of metal ions or clusters with organic ligands. Due to their ultra-high specific surface area, tunable pore structure, and surface chemistry, they hold great promise for applications in gas adsorption, separation, and catalytic purification. This paper reviews the synthesis methods of MOFs and their cutting-edge applications in the treatment of gaseous pollutants and the storage of energy gases. First, it introduces the evolution of synthesis techniques from traditional hydrothermal/solvothermal methods to green methods such as microwave-assisted, mechanochemical, electrochemical, and flow chemistry; Subsequently, the paper elaborates on how the selection of specific metal centers and functionalized ligands can precisely regulate open metal sites, pore size distribution, and surface polarity, thereby enhancing the adsorption capacity and separation selectivity for gases such as CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub>, and H<sub>2</sub>; finally, strategies for optimizing large-scale preparation and improving long-term thermal/chemical stability are discussed. This paper aims to provide a theoretical reference for the transition of MOFs from the laboratory to industrial applications, thereby contributing to comprehensive atmospheric pollution control and sustainable energy development.</p>

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Review: Synthesis of metal–organic frameworks and applications in gas adsorption, separation and storage

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月2日

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  • Kuan Li,
  • Ruiqi Shao,
  • Mai Chen,
  • Zhaoyong Dong,
  • Wenzhou Fan,
  • Wenwen Gao,
  • Xiaokang Wang,
  • Zhiwei Xu

摘要

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are crystalline porous materials formed through the self-assembly of metal ions or clusters with organic ligands. Due to their ultra-high specific surface area, tunable pore structure, and surface chemistry, they hold great promise for applications in gas adsorption, separation, and catalytic purification. This paper reviews the synthesis methods of MOFs and their cutting-edge applications in the treatment of gaseous pollutants and the storage of energy gases. First, it introduces the evolution of synthesis techniques from traditional hydrothermal/solvothermal methods to green methods such as microwave-assisted, mechanochemical, electrochemical, and flow chemistry; Subsequently, the paper elaborates on how the selection of specific metal centers and functionalized ligands can precisely regulate open metal sites, pore size distribution, and surface polarity, thereby enhancing the adsorption capacity and separation selectivity for gases such as CO2, CH4, and H2; finally, strategies for optimizing large-scale preparation and improving long-term thermal/chemical stability are discussed. This paper aims to provide a theoretical reference for the transition of MOFs from the laboratory to industrial applications, thereby contributing to comprehensive atmospheric pollution control and sustainable energy development.