Sol-gel synthesis of ternary Ag2O/g-C3N4/AC photocatalyst: characterization, photocatalytic removal of amoxicillin and its mechanistic insights
摘要
The development of innovative and effective photocatalysts has garnered considerable scientific interest in recent years, aimed at achieving ecologically sustainable solution. We synthesized Ag2O nanoparticles-anchored g-C3N4/AC photocatalyst using Sol-gel method and examined its photocatalytic degradation efficiency against the antibiotic-Amoxicillin. The synthesized catalyst underwent comprehensive characterization through various analytical techniques, such as XRD, FT-IR, SEM, EDX, TEM, XPS, UV-visible DRS, PL, BET, and EIS. The findings indicate that the Ag2O nanoparticles are effectively distributed on g-C3N4/AC, producing the ternary Ag2O/g-C3N4/AC nanocomposite that demonstrates superior photocatalysis over pristine g-C3N4 nanoparticles. The Ag2O/g-C3N4/AC composite exhibited a degradation efficiency of aproximately 95.98% following 70 min of UV-visible light irradiation. Kinetic experiments demonstrated pseudo-first-order behaviour, with the composite showing over a threefold increase in the apparent rate constant relative to pristine g-C3N4. Stability and reusability assessments demonstrated exceptional photostability, with only negligible efficiency reduction after four consecutive cycles. Scavenger tests revealed that the degradation process is predominantly regulated by O2·− and ·OH active species, while photoexcited h⁺ plays a minor role. The improved separation of photo-induced charge carriers in Ag2O/g-C3N4/AC photocatalyst significantly improved the photocatalytic degradation of AMX. This research demonstrates the exceptional performance of Ag2O/g-C3N4/AC as a photocatalyst for the degradation of AMX, providing a practical solution for wastewater clean-up.
Graphical Abstract