<p>Perovskite materials, defined by the general formula ABX₃, have emerged as one of the most versatile and scientifically consequential material families of the past three decades. Their rich combination of structural tunability, multifunctional electronic properties, and broad compositional diversity has established them as essential components in next-generation energy storage and conversion technologies. This review provides a comprehensive survey of perovskite synthesis methodologies encompassing hydrothermal and solvothermal processing, combustion synthesis, sol–gel and Pechini routes, solid-state reactions, co-precipitation, microwave-assisted synthesis, and physical vapour deposition (PVD) techniques including molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and pulsed laser deposition (PLD). This review systematically examines the structural configurations of perovskites, from ideal cubic aristotypes to distorted orthorhombic, tetragonal, rhombohedral, and hexagonal derivatives, and discusses the critical role of the tolerance factor in phase stability. The multifaceted properties of perovskites including ferroelectricity, piezoelectricity, pyroelectricity, superconductivity, colossal magneto resistance (CMR), and tunable ionic/electronic conductivity are reviewed with emphasis on their mechanistic origins. We then survey recent advances across high-impact application domains: photovoltaics (PCE &gt; 33.7%), perovskite LEDs, X-ray scintillators, photodetectors, nano lasers, memristors, artificial synapses, and electrochemical sensing. Special attention is devoted to the performance of perovskite-derived supercapacitor electrodes, where reported energy densities range from 7.5 to 109.9 Wh kg⁻¹, and to the remaining challenges of stability, scalability, and toxicity. The review concludes with a prospective outlook on how ongoing research into lead-free compositions and sustainable synthesis may unlock the full potential of perovskites in the global energy transition.</p>