<p>Renewable energy resources necessitate developing safe and sustainable energy storage systems to overcome energy issues and reduce carbon emissions. Alternatives of Li-ion batteries and capacitors, which exhibited high energy and power density, respectively, are being explored, with SCs being a unique option due to their high power, long life, and eco-friendly design with improvable energy density. Researchers are exploring nanostructured electrode materials to improve SCs’ energy density, aiming for increasing energy density, larger surface area, shorter ion-diffusion path, fast-ion accessibility, and higher conductivity. It has been observed that asymmetric supercapacitor (ASSC) or symmetric supercapacitor (SSC) can extend their operating window voltage and display better energy storage capacity. For this purpose, metal sulfides have been considered a promising electrode material for hybrid SCs due to their low cost, redox reversibility, and electronic conductivity. This review focuses on the types and developments of SCs and electrode materials like metal sulfides and their composites with carbon-based and MXene-based electrode materials, current challenges, and prospects for the future.</p>