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<p>Bi<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub>Ca<sub><i>x</i></sub>FeO<sub>3</sub> (BCFO) single-layer and multilayer thin films were fabricated to investigate the effects of Ca doping and stacking architecture on photovoltaic (PV) performance. The optimal BCFO-20 (<i>x</i> = 0.2) single-layer film exhibits an open-circuit voltage (<i>V</i><sub>oc</sub>) of 0.768&#xa0;V and a short-circuit current density (<i>J</i><sub>sc</sub>) of 192.943 μA cm<sup>−2</sup>, compared with 0.647&#xa0;V and 40.862&#xa0;μA&#xa0;cm<sup>−2</sup> for undoped bismuth ferrite (BiFeO<sub>3</sub>, BFO), corresponding to an increase of 0.121&#xa0;V in <i>V</i><sub>oc</sub> and an approximately 4.7-fold enhancement in <i>J</i><sub>sc</sub>. Further enhancement is achieved in compositional-gradient multilayer structures, where the BCFO-T4 stack delivers a <i>J</i><sub>sc</sub> of 278.002&#xa0;Μa&#xa0;cm<sup>−2</sup>, nearly 6.8 times that of the BFO film, together with the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) among all devices investigated in this work. The enhanced PV performance is likely related to the compositional-gradient multilayer design, which may improve the internal electrical environment and facilitate photogenerated carrier separation and transport. These results suggest that compositional-gradient multilayer design is a promising strategy for enhancing the photovoltaic response of oxide-based thin films.</p>

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Enhanced photovoltaic response in Ca-doped BiFeO3 multilayer thin films induced by compositional gradients

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月28日

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  • Weihao Wu,
  • Shubao Yang,
  • Jianghai Wang,
  • Wenchuan Li,
  • Rongli Gao,
  • Xiaoling Deng,
  • Wei Cai,
  • Chunlin Fu

摘要

Bi1−xCaxFeO3 (BCFO) single-layer and multilayer thin films were fabricated to investigate the effects of Ca doping and stacking architecture on photovoltaic (PV) performance. The optimal BCFO-20 (x = 0.2) single-layer film exhibits an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.768 V and a short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 192.943 μA cm−2, compared with 0.647 V and 40.862 μA cm−2 for undoped bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3, BFO), corresponding to an increase of 0.121 V in Voc and an approximately 4.7-fold enhancement in Jsc. Further enhancement is achieved in compositional-gradient multilayer structures, where the BCFO-T4 stack delivers a Jsc of 278.002 Μa cm−2, nearly 6.8 times that of the BFO film, together with the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) among all devices investigated in this work. The enhanced PV performance is likely related to the compositional-gradient multilayer design, which may improve the internal electrical environment and facilitate photogenerated carrier separation and transport. These results suggest that compositional-gradient multilayer design is a promising strategy for enhancing the photovoltaic response of oxide-based thin films.