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<p>In this study, PAAS/Au composite hydrogels with intrinsic flexibility, electrical conductivity, and rapid self-healing capability were fabricated via a synergistic strategy employing multiple non-covalent interactions (Au–S coordination, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic interactions), using PAAS as the matrix and Au<sup>0</sup>-BACA as functional fillers. Characterizations including FTIR, XRD, and SEM confirmed the formation of a well-defined and stable three-dimensional porous network through these multiple non-covalent interactions. Rheological analysis revealed that the hydrogel maintains a stable gel state (G′ &gt; G′′) under low strain conditions, while undergoing a gel-to-sol transition under high strain. Upon recovery from high-strain disruption, the storage modulus rapidly returns to its initial value with a recovery efficiency of 107%, and this behavior remains consistent over multiple cycles, demonstrating fast and efficient dynamic self-healing capability. The material exhibits a high water content (up to 98.3%) and excellent ionic conductivity (up to 0.22&#xa0;S&#xa0;m⁻<sup>1</sup>). Leveraging its stable electrical performance, the hydrogel film was fabricated into a flexible motion sensor capable of ultrasensitive and distinguishable detection of joint movements—including finger, wrist, and neck motions—with stable and repeatable signal response as well as excellent cyclic durability. By synergistically modulating multiple non-covalent interactions, this work achieves effective structure–property optimization of PAAS/Au hydrogels, offering a new paradigm for the design of chemically uncrosslinked multifunctional hydrogels and establishing a robust material foundation for applications in wearable electronics and human motion monitoring.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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A self-healing and conductive hydrogel based on sodium polyacrylate/gold nanoparticles for flexible sensors

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月24日

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  • Peicheng Xu,
  • Shichao Yuan,
  • Qingqing Zhou,
  • Xihua Cui,
  • Wen Wu,
  • Dongsheng Wang

摘要

In this study, PAAS/Au composite hydrogels with intrinsic flexibility, electrical conductivity, and rapid self-healing capability were fabricated via a synergistic strategy employing multiple non-covalent interactions (Au–S coordination, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic interactions), using PAAS as the matrix and Au0-BACA as functional fillers. Characterizations including FTIR, XRD, and SEM confirmed the formation of a well-defined and stable three-dimensional porous network through these multiple non-covalent interactions. Rheological analysis revealed that the hydrogel maintains a stable gel state (G′ > G′′) under low strain conditions, while undergoing a gel-to-sol transition under high strain. Upon recovery from high-strain disruption, the storage modulus rapidly returns to its initial value with a recovery efficiency of 107%, and this behavior remains consistent over multiple cycles, demonstrating fast and efficient dynamic self-healing capability. The material exhibits a high water content (up to 98.3%) and excellent ionic conductivity (up to 0.22 S m⁻1). Leveraging its stable electrical performance, the hydrogel film was fabricated into a flexible motion sensor capable of ultrasensitive and distinguishable detection of joint movements—including finger, wrist, and neck motions—with stable and repeatable signal response as well as excellent cyclic durability. By synergistically modulating multiple non-covalent interactions, this work achieves effective structure–property optimization of PAAS/Au hydrogels, offering a new paradigm for the design of chemically uncrosslinked multifunctional hydrogels and establishing a robust material foundation for applications in wearable electronics and human motion monitoring.

Graphical abstract