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<p>Lightweight Fe–Mn–Al–C steels have attracted significant research interest due to their excellent strength-to-weight ratio and weight reduction potential. In this study, with the optimized SLM process, Fe–22Mn–9Al–1C alloys with high density, weak crystallographic texture and few metallurgical defects were fabricated, under a laser power of 155&#xa0;W and a scanning speed of 600&#xa0;mm/s. Subsequently, the microstructure and mechanical properties of SLM-produced alloys before and after heat treatment with different building orientations (0°, 45°, and 90°) were systematically investigated. The results demonstrate that the alloy with a 45° build orientation exhibits superior mechanical properties (YS: 577.90 ± 5.69&#xa0;MPa, UTS: 819.40 ± 14.36&#xa0;MPa, EL: 39.48 ± 3.18%) compared to those with 0° and 90° orientations. The increase in strength after heat treatment is inferred to be primarily attributed to the precipitation of fine carbides, which would provide precipitation strengthening. However, direct microstructural evidence of these precipitates in the heat-treated condition is required in future work to confirm this mechanism. The fracture morphology before and after heat treatment was characterized by predominantly ductile dimple features with a few defects. Based on the calculated SFE value for the SLM-produced Fe–22Mn–9Al–1C alloy, which is approximately 32&#xa0;mJ/m<sup>2</sup>, it is concluded that the TRIP effect is suppressed. This finding is consistent with the deformation microstructure analysis near the fracture zone. No obvious grain refinement effect was observed with different building orientations. It is then supposed that the orientation of the deposited layers relative to the loading axis could play a critical role in influencing the mechanical properties of the studied alloy. These findings provide both a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for optimizing the building orientation of Fe–Mn–Al–C alloys in industrial applications.</p>

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Influence of build orientation on mechanical properties of Fe–22Mn–9Al–1C lightweight steel fabricated by selective laser melting

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月10日

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  • Zixian Gu,
  • Bao Guo,
  • Chun Yu,
  • Yanjin Lu

摘要

Lightweight Fe–Mn–Al–C steels have attracted significant research interest due to their excellent strength-to-weight ratio and weight reduction potential. In this study, with the optimized SLM process, Fe–22Mn–9Al–1C alloys with high density, weak crystallographic texture and few metallurgical defects were fabricated, under a laser power of 155 W and a scanning speed of 600 mm/s. Subsequently, the microstructure and mechanical properties of SLM-produced alloys before and after heat treatment with different building orientations (0°, 45°, and 90°) were systematically investigated. The results demonstrate that the alloy with a 45° build orientation exhibits superior mechanical properties (YS: 577.90 ± 5.69 MPa, UTS: 819.40 ± 14.36 MPa, EL: 39.48 ± 3.18%) compared to those with 0° and 90° orientations. The increase in strength after heat treatment is inferred to be primarily attributed to the precipitation of fine carbides, which would provide precipitation strengthening. However, direct microstructural evidence of these precipitates in the heat-treated condition is required in future work to confirm this mechanism. The fracture morphology before and after heat treatment was characterized by predominantly ductile dimple features with a few defects. Based on the calculated SFE value for the SLM-produced Fe–22Mn–9Al–1C alloy, which is approximately 32 mJ/m2, it is concluded that the TRIP effect is suppressed. This finding is consistent with the deformation microstructure analysis near the fracture zone. No obvious grain refinement effect was observed with different building orientations. It is then supposed that the orientation of the deposited layers relative to the loading axis could play a critical role in influencing the mechanical properties of the studied alloy. These findings provide both a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for optimizing the building orientation of Fe–Mn–Al–C alloys in industrial applications.