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<p>In additive manufacturing, successive deposition inherently introduces repeated thermal cycles, and previously deposited layers may undergo localized remelting. As a result, the heat input significantly affects the resulting microstructure and mechanical properties. In the present work, a maraging high-strength steel was produced using plasma arc-based directed energy deposition (PA-DED). The effects of heat input were systematically examined to clarify its role in regulating the microstructure and mechanical behavior of the deposited material. Analysis shows that higher heat input increases austenite content, transforms grain morphology from elongated columnar to short columnar and equiaxed grains, and promotes recrystallization. This leads to a higher proportion of high-angle grain boundaries, reduced texture strength, and more dispersed grain orientations, indicating a transition from strong anisotropy toward near isotropy. Consequently, the vertical tensile strength increases significantly, matching the horizontal strength, with all samples exhibiting ductile fracture. This work provides insight into how heat input governs property anisotropy in PA-DED maraging steel, supporting parameter optimization for performance control.</p>

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Tailoring microstructure and mechanical anisotropy of maraging steel via plasma arc-based directed energy deposition through heat input regulation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月2日

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  • Zhen Wang,
  • Guan Wang,
  • Jinfei Shi

摘要

In additive manufacturing, successive deposition inherently introduces repeated thermal cycles, and previously deposited layers may undergo localized remelting. As a result, the heat input significantly affects the resulting microstructure and mechanical properties. In the present work, a maraging high-strength steel was produced using plasma arc-based directed energy deposition (PA-DED). The effects of heat input were systematically examined to clarify its role in regulating the microstructure and mechanical behavior of the deposited material. Analysis shows that higher heat input increases austenite content, transforms grain morphology from elongated columnar to short columnar and equiaxed grains, and promotes recrystallization. This leads to a higher proportion of high-angle grain boundaries, reduced texture strength, and more dispersed grain orientations, indicating a transition from strong anisotropy toward near isotropy. Consequently, the vertical tensile strength increases significantly, matching the horizontal strength, with all samples exhibiting ductile fracture. This work provides insight into how heat input governs property anisotropy in PA-DED maraging steel, supporting parameter optimization for performance control.