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<p>In recent years, photoinitiated polymerization has become one of the primary methods for polymer synthesis. To address the issues of long duration and high energy consumption associated with traditional thermally initiated solution polymerization, this study employs a simple, mild, safe, low-energy, and rapid UV photopolymerization method. Using dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride (DMDAAC) and acrylic acid (AA) as reaction monomers and bacterial cellulose (BC) as the reinforcing component, a bacterial cellulose<i>-g-</i>poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride<i>-co-</i>acrylic acid) (9:1) amphoteric superabsorbent hydrogel [BC<i>-g-</i>poly(DMDAAC<i>-co-</i>AA)(9:1) hydrogel] was rapidly prepared within 1 h. Through the optimization of key process factors, the optimal conditions for synthesizing hydrogels with the highest swelling ratio were determined: the molar ratio of the monomers dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride (DMDAAC) to acrylic acid (AA) is <i>n</i><sub>DMDAAC</sub>:<i>n</i><sub>AA</sub> = 9:1, the total monomer mass fraction <i>ω</i>(Monomer) = 47%, the cross-linker triallylamine (TAA) addition amount is <i>n</i>(TAA):<i>n</i>(Monomer) = 1.50%, the photoinitiator 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone (Irgacure 1173) addition amount is <i>n</i>(Irgacure 1173):<i>n</i>(Monomer) = 6.6%, and the bacterial cellulose (BC) addition amount is <i>m</i>(BC):<i>m</i>(Monomer) = 0.005 <i>wt</i>%; the product achieves maximum swelling ratios of 358.2 g/g in deionized water (<i>SR</i>) and 24.1 g/g in 0.9% NaCl solution (<i>SR</i><sub>NaCl</sub>), and the monomer conversion rate (<i>Conv.</i>) exceeded 99%. The structure and morphology of the hydrogel were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV transmittance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Performance tests revealed that the hydrogel cross-section possesses dense ionic transport channels, exhibits excellent thermal stability with resistance to temperatures up to approximately 260&#xa0;°C, demonstrates pH-responsive swelling behavior and certain salt tolerance, and achieves a water retention rate of over 75% within 24 h, indicating favorable water retention capacity. It shows promising application prospects in fields such as medicine, agriculture, environmental water treatment, and intelligent response.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Synthesis and properties of UV-light-initiated bacterial cellulose-g-poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride-co-acrylic acid) superabsorbent hydrogel

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月25日

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  • Caiwei Luo,
  • Minghuan Qian,
  • Xiao Xu,
  • Yanchun Li,
  • Xu Jia

摘要

In recent years, photoinitiated polymerization has become one of the primary methods for polymer synthesis. To address the issues of long duration and high energy consumption associated with traditional thermally initiated solution polymerization, this study employs a simple, mild, safe, low-energy, and rapid UV photopolymerization method. Using dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride (DMDAAC) and acrylic acid (AA) as reaction monomers and bacterial cellulose (BC) as the reinforcing component, a bacterial cellulose-g-poly(dimethyldiallylammonium chloride-co-acrylic acid) (9:1) amphoteric superabsorbent hydrogel [BC-g-poly(DMDAAC-co-AA)(9:1) hydrogel] was rapidly prepared within 1 h. Through the optimization of key process factors, the optimal conditions for synthesizing hydrogels with the highest swelling ratio were determined: the molar ratio of the monomers dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride (DMDAAC) to acrylic acid (AA) is nDMDAAC:nAA = 9:1, the total monomer mass fraction ω(Monomer) = 47%, the cross-linker triallylamine (TAA) addition amount is n(TAA):n(Monomer) = 1.50%, the photoinitiator 2-hydroxy-2-methylpropiophenone (Irgacure 1173) addition amount is n(Irgacure 1173):n(Monomer) = 6.6%, and the bacterial cellulose (BC) addition amount is m(BC):m(Monomer) = 0.005 wt%; the product achieves maximum swelling ratios of 358.2 g/g in deionized water (SR) and 24.1 g/g in 0.9% NaCl solution (SRNaCl), and the monomer conversion rate (Conv.) exceeded 99%. The structure and morphology of the hydrogel were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV transmittance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Performance tests revealed that the hydrogel cross-section possesses dense ionic transport channels, exhibits excellent thermal stability with resistance to temperatures up to approximately 260 °C, demonstrates pH-responsive swelling behavior and certain salt tolerance, and achieves a water retention rate of over 75% within 24 h, indicating favorable water retention capacity. It shows promising application prospects in fields such as medicine, agriculture, environmental water treatment, and intelligent response.

Graphical abstract