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<p>Cancer severely endangers human health, and traditional single-therapy approaches have limitations. This study developed a hyaluronic acid (HA)-targeted self-assembled nanodrug system (DOX/CGFH) for delivering doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX). The red-emissive carbon dots (R-CDs) exhibited both glutathione oxidase-like activity and photothermal/imaging capabilities, enabling glutathione (GSH) depletion in the tumor microenvironment. GF nanoparticles, synthesized at an optimal ratio, demonstrate high Fenton catalytic activity and near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation, and NIR irradiation significantly enhance the generation of ·OH. This system displayed outstanding photothermal performance (29.7% conversion efficiency) and controllable ·OH production, offering a novel multimodal synergistic strategy for cancer treatment. The DOX/CGFH nanoparticles have a diameter of 40&#xa0;nm. They displayed multi-stimuli-responsive drug release under pH, GSH, HAase, and NIR light irradiation. DOX/CGFH selectively targeted 4T1 tumor cells via CD44 receptor-mediated internalization. Under NIR light irradiation, DOX/CGFH induced significant photothermal therapy (PTT) and synergized with Fe<sup>2+</sup>-mediated chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and chemotherapy with a combination index of 0.77, confirming a synergistic effect. The system could trigger apoptosis by reducing mitochondrial membrane potential. Additionally, a tumor spheroid assay demonstrated the potent combined killing effect of DOX/CGFH and NIR. This study provides a new strategy for designing multimodal antitumor nanodelivery systems.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Red-emissive carbon dots-based composite nanoparticles for photothermal-enhanced synergistic cancer therapy

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月8日

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  • Wanqing Gong,
  • Kaisheng Nan,
  • Xu Gao,
  • Siyu Chen,
  • Liwan He,
  • Luming Song,
  • Shuaipeng Feng,
  • Siling Wang,
  • Qinfu Zhao

摘要

Cancer severely endangers human health, and traditional single-therapy approaches have limitations. This study developed a hyaluronic acid (HA)-targeted self-assembled nanodrug system (DOX/CGFH) for delivering doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX). The red-emissive carbon dots (R-CDs) exhibited both glutathione oxidase-like activity and photothermal/imaging capabilities, enabling glutathione (GSH) depletion in the tumor microenvironment. GF nanoparticles, synthesized at an optimal ratio, demonstrate high Fenton catalytic activity and near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation, and NIR irradiation significantly enhance the generation of ·OH. This system displayed outstanding photothermal performance (29.7% conversion efficiency) and controllable ·OH production, offering a novel multimodal synergistic strategy for cancer treatment. The DOX/CGFH nanoparticles have a diameter of 40 nm. They displayed multi-stimuli-responsive drug release under pH, GSH, HAase, and NIR light irradiation. DOX/CGFH selectively targeted 4T1 tumor cells via CD44 receptor-mediated internalization. Under NIR light irradiation, DOX/CGFH induced significant photothermal therapy (PTT) and synergized with Fe2+-mediated chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and chemotherapy with a combination index of 0.77, confirming a synergistic effect. The system could trigger apoptosis by reducing mitochondrial membrane potential. Additionally, a tumor spheroid assay demonstrated the potent combined killing effect of DOX/CGFH and NIR. This study provides a new strategy for designing multimodal antitumor nanodelivery systems.

Graphical Abstract