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<p>Advancements in functional materials and engineering systems have accelerated the development of technologies capable of operating under extreme thermal, mechanical, and environmental conditions. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of recent progress in photonic materials, nanostructured composites, interface engineering, additive manufacturing, high-resolution electronic devices, and resilient mechanical systems. Photonic innovations, such as rare-earth-coupled dual-photosensitizers and hollow-core chalcogenide fibers, enable ultrafast energy conversion and precise light manipulation for sensing, communication, and optoelectronic applications. Nanostructured materials, including black phosphorus nanoribbons and MoS<sub>2</sub>/carbon composites, enhance electronic, optical, and mechanical performance, while engineered interfaces and ion-diffusion layers improve energy transport, mechanical stability, and device longevity. In extreme-condition applications, advanced coatings, such as micro-arc oxidation layers and laser-remelted alloys, provide corrosion resistance and thermal stability, while shear-thickening composite mortars improve impact tolerance. Furthermore, integration of digital monitoring, topology optimization, and system-level design strategies ensures operational efficiency, reliability, and durability. By bridging materials innovation with engineering system design, this review highlights strategies for developing multifunctional, energy-efficient, and resilient systems capable of addressing the challenges of modern technology and extreme operational environments.</p>

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Review: advanced functional materials for photonic and extreme-environment applications—structure–property–performance relationships

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月17日

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  • Mokhtar Hjiri,
  • Nazir Mustapha,
  • Maher Benamara

摘要

Advancements in functional materials and engineering systems have accelerated the development of technologies capable of operating under extreme thermal, mechanical, and environmental conditions. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of recent progress in photonic materials, nanostructured composites, interface engineering, additive manufacturing, high-resolution electronic devices, and resilient mechanical systems. Photonic innovations, such as rare-earth-coupled dual-photosensitizers and hollow-core chalcogenide fibers, enable ultrafast energy conversion and precise light manipulation for sensing, communication, and optoelectronic applications. Nanostructured materials, including black phosphorus nanoribbons and MoS2/carbon composites, enhance electronic, optical, and mechanical performance, while engineered interfaces and ion-diffusion layers improve energy transport, mechanical stability, and device longevity. In extreme-condition applications, advanced coatings, such as micro-arc oxidation layers and laser-remelted alloys, provide corrosion resistance and thermal stability, while shear-thickening composite mortars improve impact tolerance. Furthermore, integration of digital monitoring, topology optimization, and system-level design strategies ensures operational efficiency, reliability, and durability. By bridging materials innovation with engineering system design, this review highlights strategies for developing multifunctional, energy-efficient, and resilient systems capable of addressing the challenges of modern technology and extreme operational environments.