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<p>In this study, a functionalized carbon nanomaterials-based structure that integrates hydrophobic and heating capabilities to address the high energy consumption and low efficiency of conventional anti-icing technologies has been systematically investigated. To explore the optimal structure design, five different hydrophobic protection strategies have been carefully studied, and the hybrid configuration combining a heating layer with a mixed hydrophobic protective layer (HL+HP) has been finally found to provide superior performance by preserving roughness, enhancing mechanical durability, and simplifying the fabrication process. Experimental results show that the HL+HP coating significantly delays droplet freezing under static conditions due to the Cassie–Baxter wetting state. When electrically heated, the reduced ice–substrate adhesion enables rapid ice shedding at lower power input. Dynamic spraying tests simulating freezing-rain environments further reveal that the hydrophobic surface suppresses droplet spreading and results in a looser, easier detachable ice layer. Additionally, the coating exhibits self-cleaning behavior that limits dust accumulation and improves service stability. Overall, the synergistic combination of hydrophobicity and electro-thermal functionality provides valuable guidance for developing efficient, low-energy, and durable anti-icing coatings for practical applications.</p>

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Multi-functional carbon nanomaterial-based electro-thermal structures for efficient anti-icing/de-icing applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月14日

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  • Chenxi Hu,
  • Liang Zhao,
  • Qiangwei Wang,
  • Yibin Chen,
  • Xiran Jin,
  • Jianhua Han

摘要

In this study, a functionalized carbon nanomaterials-based structure that integrates hydrophobic and heating capabilities to address the high energy consumption and low efficiency of conventional anti-icing technologies has been systematically investigated. To explore the optimal structure design, five different hydrophobic protection strategies have been carefully studied, and the hybrid configuration combining a heating layer with a mixed hydrophobic protective layer (HL+HP) has been finally found to provide superior performance by preserving roughness, enhancing mechanical durability, and simplifying the fabrication process. Experimental results show that the HL+HP coating significantly delays droplet freezing under static conditions due to the Cassie–Baxter wetting state. When electrically heated, the reduced ice–substrate adhesion enables rapid ice shedding at lower power input. Dynamic spraying tests simulating freezing-rain environments further reveal that the hydrophobic surface suppresses droplet spreading and results in a looser, easier detachable ice layer. Additionally, the coating exhibits self-cleaning behavior that limits dust accumulation and improves service stability. Overall, the synergistic combination of hydrophobicity and electro-thermal functionality provides valuable guidance for developing efficient, low-energy, and durable anti-icing coatings for practical applications.