<p>To overcome the strength–ductility conflict, hybrid micro Cu/Mo in aluminum matrix composites (AMCs) were fabricated via ball milling (BM) and multipass friction stir processing (FSP). This study systematically investigated the effects of Mo particle size (micro or nano) and content on the microstructure and mechanical properties. Compared with single reinforcement, hybrid Cu–Mo particles simultaneously enhanced both the strength and ductility of the composites. Micro Cu primarily enhanced strength through load-transfer effects, whereas nano Mo further elevated strength via grain refinement and Orowan strengthening mechanisms, which dispersed stress and delayed fracture initiation. Notably, the heterogeneous grain structure featuring coarse-grained zones (CG) and fine-grained regions (FG) was designed as dual-scale hybrid reinforcements containing nano Mo, which achieved superior strengthening and toughening effects compared to those with micro Mo. Specifically, optimized mechanical performance was achieved in AMCs with 5&#xa0;wt% micro Cu combined with 5&#xa0;wt% nano Mo, which exhibited a peak tensile strength of 238.9&#xa0;MPa, elongation of 19.5%, and hardness of 58 HV<sub>0.1</sub>, representing improvements of 163.7%, 28.3%, and 93.3% compared to the base metal, respectively. This work demonstrates that the dual-scale hybrid reinforcement strategy comprising nano Mo and micro Cu holds significant potential for effectively overcoming the strength–ductility trade-off in AMCs.</p>

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Effect of molybdenum particle size (micro/nano) on strength-ductility balance in hybrid Cu–Mo reinforced aluminum matrix composites

  • Zikun Wang,
  • Xianyong Zhu,
  • Chen Wang,
  • Xiong Xiao,
  • Jiaan Liu

摘要

To overcome the strength–ductility conflict, hybrid micro Cu/Mo in aluminum matrix composites (AMCs) were fabricated via ball milling (BM) and multipass friction stir processing (FSP). This study systematically investigated the effects of Mo particle size (micro or nano) and content on the microstructure and mechanical properties. Compared with single reinforcement, hybrid Cu–Mo particles simultaneously enhanced both the strength and ductility of the composites. Micro Cu primarily enhanced strength through load-transfer effects, whereas nano Mo further elevated strength via grain refinement and Orowan strengthening mechanisms, which dispersed stress and delayed fracture initiation. Notably, the heterogeneous grain structure featuring coarse-grained zones (CG) and fine-grained regions (FG) was designed as dual-scale hybrid reinforcements containing nano Mo, which achieved superior strengthening and toughening effects compared to those with micro Mo. Specifically, optimized mechanical performance was achieved in AMCs with 5 wt% micro Cu combined with 5 wt% nano Mo, which exhibited a peak tensile strength of 238.9 MPa, elongation of 19.5%, and hardness of 58 HV0.1, representing improvements of 163.7%, 28.3%, and 93.3% compared to the base metal, respectively. This work demonstrates that the dual-scale hybrid reinforcement strategy comprising nano Mo and micro Cu holds significant potential for effectively overcoming the strength–ductility trade-off in AMCs.