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<p>We report a new family of bimetallic anode catalysts, Pd<sub>x</sub>V<sub>y</sub>/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>, synthesized via NaBH<sub>4</sub> reduction at varying Pd:V ratios for glycerol electrooxidation (GOR). SEM–EDX, XRD, ICP-MS, and XPS confirm uniform dispersion and Pd–V interaction: g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> (1 0 0)/(0 0 2) reflections are retained, while a slight 2θ shift and FWHM broadening of Pd (1 1 1) indicate alloying and reduced crystallite size. Electrochemical testing in 1&#xa0;M KOH and 0.1&#xa0;M glycerol + 1&#xa0;M KOH (CV, LSV, EIS, CA) identifies Pd<sub>90</sub>V<sub>10</sub>/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> as the top performer, delivering current density up to 7.55&#xa0;mA&#xa0;cm<sup>−2</sup> in CV and 2.72&#xa0;mA&#xa0;cm<sup>−2</sup> in LSV with an onset of ~ 0.87&#xa0;V. The smallest EIS semicircle evidences the lowest charge-transfer resistance; the linear dependence of current on the square of scan rate together with a discernible Warburg element indicates pronounced mass transfer limitations under the tested conditions. Despite this partial mass transfer limitation, optimization of catalyst-layer thickness and loading, electrode porosity, and electrolyte flow is required to fully exploit the current density of Pd<sub>90</sub>V<sub>10</sub>/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> in practical alkaline glycerol fuel cells. Pd<sub>90</sub>V<sub>10</sub>/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> shows good operational stability, according to chronoamperometry in 0.1&#xa0;M glycerol + 1&#xa0;M KOH; following an initial decay within the first 10&#xa0;s due to surface poisoning, the current density followed a steady course throughout the remainder of the 3600&#xa0;s period. Overall, Pd-V synergy coupled with the conductive g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> support enhances active surface and charge transport, yielding markedly improved GOR activity; Pd<sub>90</sub>V<sub>10</sub>/g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> emerges as a promising anode for direct glycerol fuel cells.</p>

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Composition-tuned PdxVy/g-C3N4 anodes for alkaline glycerol electrooxidation

  • 期刊论文

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月18日

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  • Ümit Ecer,
  • Şakir Yılmaz,
  • Berdan Ulas,
  • Mehmet Oruç,
  • Sedat Yayla

摘要

We report a new family of bimetallic anode catalysts, PdxVy/g-C3N4, synthesized via NaBH4 reduction at varying Pd:V ratios for glycerol electrooxidation (GOR). SEM–EDX, XRD, ICP-MS, and XPS confirm uniform dispersion and Pd–V interaction: g-C3N4 (1 0 0)/(0 0 2) reflections are retained, while a slight 2θ shift and FWHM broadening of Pd (1 1 1) indicate alloying and reduced crystallite size. Electrochemical testing in 1 M KOH and 0.1 M glycerol + 1 M KOH (CV, LSV, EIS, CA) identifies Pd90V10/g-C3N4 as the top performer, delivering current density up to 7.55 mA cm−2 in CV and 2.72 mA cm−2 in LSV with an onset of ~ 0.87 V. The smallest EIS semicircle evidences the lowest charge-transfer resistance; the linear dependence of current on the square of scan rate together with a discernible Warburg element indicates pronounced mass transfer limitations under the tested conditions. Despite this partial mass transfer limitation, optimization of catalyst-layer thickness and loading, electrode porosity, and electrolyte flow is required to fully exploit the current density of Pd90V10/g-C3N4 in practical alkaline glycerol fuel cells. Pd90V10/g-C3N4 shows good operational stability, according to chronoamperometry in 0.1 M glycerol + 1 M KOH; following an initial decay within the first 10 s due to surface poisoning, the current density followed a steady course throughout the remainder of the 3600 s period. Overall, Pd-V synergy coupled with the conductive g-C3N4 support enhances active surface and charge transport, yielding markedly improved GOR activity; Pd90V10/g-C3N4 emerges as a promising anode for direct glycerol fuel cells.