<p>Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have attracted considerable interest in recent years owing to their extensive surface area, adjustable pore dimensions, and structural adaptability, rendering them interesting candidates for energy storage applications, especially in supercapacitors (SCs). Notwithstanding their potential, the actual application of MOFs as electrode materials in supercapacitors encounters obstacles, chiefly attributable to their intrinsically low electrical conductivity. Recent research has concentrated on hybridizing metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with conductive materials, including carbon nanotubes, graphene, and conductive polymers, to tackle this issue. These hybrid systems have shown considerable enhancements in the electrochemical performance of MOF-based supercapacitors, especially regarding energy density metrics. This review examines recent improvements in MOF-based composites, focusing on synthesis methodologies and hybridization tactics that improve their efficacy in energy storage. The review also addresses significant challenges, such as stability issues, scaling constraints, and additional possible dangers. It delineates prospective research avenues intended to surmount these challenges, hence enhancing the efficacy and applicability of MOF-based materials in next-generation energy storage devices. The paper emphasizes the increasing incorporation of MOFs into contemporary energy storage technologies, highlighting their crucial role in enhancing supercapacitors and aiding the advancement of sustainable energy solutions.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>