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<p>This study explores the influence of nitrogen plasma-treated SnO<sub>2</sub> NPs (NPs) on the structural, permittivity, and impedance behavior of nematic liquid crystals. ML-0648 samples doped with 0.5 wt% SnO<sub>2</sub> NPs were subjected to alternating current nitrogen plasma for 2, 7, and 14 min. Plasma treatment reduced NPs size from 28.27 to 21.68 nm, altered surface topography, and adjusted NP–LC interfacial interactions. Permittivity measurements revealed non-monotonic alteration of both parallel and perpendicular components, with dielectric anisotropy being most significant for untreated samples and minimal at 7&#xa0;min, originating from plasma-induced defect creation. Impedance spectroscopy and Cole–Cole analyses showed time-dependent development of bulk resistance, capacitance, and space charge polarization, consistent with facilitated surface-mediated conduction and defect creation. XRD confirmed the retention of SnO<sub>2</sub> crystallinity, with intensity variations from particle size and morphology. The novelty of the current contribution lies in the illustration of nitrogen plasma as a tunable route for tailoring NP–liquid crystal interfaces to enable minute manipulation of anisotropic dielectric and impedance properties in future photonic and display technologies.</p>

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Time-dependent influence of nitrogen plasma on the permittivity, impedance, and structural characteristics of liquid crystal–NP composites

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月28日

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  • Mahsa Khadem Sadigh,
  • Maryam Beigmohammadi,
  • Aylar Daneshfar,
  • Amid Ranjkesh

摘要

This study explores the influence of nitrogen plasma-treated SnO2 NPs (NPs) on the structural, permittivity, and impedance behavior of nematic liquid crystals. ML-0648 samples doped with 0.5 wt% SnO2 NPs were subjected to alternating current nitrogen plasma for 2, 7, and 14 min. Plasma treatment reduced NPs size from 28.27 to 21.68 nm, altered surface topography, and adjusted NP–LC interfacial interactions. Permittivity measurements revealed non-monotonic alteration of both parallel and perpendicular components, with dielectric anisotropy being most significant for untreated samples and minimal at 7 min, originating from plasma-induced defect creation. Impedance spectroscopy and Cole–Cole analyses showed time-dependent development of bulk resistance, capacitance, and space charge polarization, consistent with facilitated surface-mediated conduction and defect creation. XRD confirmed the retention of SnO2 crystallinity, with intensity variations from particle size and morphology. The novelty of the current contribution lies in the illustration of nitrogen plasma as a tunable route for tailoring NP–liquid crystal interfaces to enable minute manipulation of anisotropic dielectric and impedance properties in future photonic and display technologies.