<p>In this study, three bimetallic composites with different copper alloy compositions were prepared by the liquid–solid compound casting. The microstructure, hardness and wear properties of three bimetallic composites were systematically investigated, with a focus on analyzing the wear mechanisms of the three bimetallic composites under both dry friction and oil lubrication conditions. The results showed that the matrix structure of the copper alloy layer in all three bimetallic composites was α-Cu phase; however, the second-phase composition and the material properties exhibit significant differences. Among them, sample 2, which contains only Cu₁₁Sb₃ and Ni₃P phases, exhibited the most excellent comprehensive performance. The hardness of the copper alloy was the highest, which was 177&#xa0;HV; it had the best wear resistance and the most stable friction coefficient. Its wear mechanism was the synergistic effect of slight abrasive wear and oxidative wear. Sample 3, containing <i>δ</i> phase, Ni₃P phase and a small amount of Pb phase, exhibited a copper alloy layer hardness of 138&#xa0;HV and demonstrated moderate wear resistance. In contrast, sample 1, containing Cu₁₁Sb₃ phase, Ni₃P phase and a large amount of Pb phase, exhibited a hardness of only 105&#xa0;HV due to the influence of the high content of soft Pb phase, resulting in the poorest friction and wear performance. Notably, under oil lubrication conditions, the wear mechanisms for all three bimetallic samples were slight abrasive wear and plastic deformation.</p>