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<p>Facing the global energy crisis and environmental challenges, developing efficient and multifunctional solar energy conversion materials is crucial for achieving sustainable energy utilization. This paper aimed at the limitations of narrow spectral absorption, low photothermal conversion efficiency and single functionality of traditional single-type photothermal materials, and proposed a bi-component zirconium carbide (ZrC)/polypyrrole (PPy) composite-coated fabric based on stepwise self-assembly strategy. The broadband plasma resonance effect of ZrC and strong near-infrared absorption characteristics of PPy complemented each other. Combined with hierarchical structure design, this approach significantly improved photothermal conversion efficiency through material synergy and structural optimization, enabling multifunctional integration of solar-driven interfacial vapor evaporation, thermoelectric generation and personal thermotherapy. The results demonstrated that under 1&#xa0;kW/m<sup>2</sup> solar irradiation, the water evaporation rate and photothermal conversion efficiency of composite-coated fabric reached 1.38&#xa0;kg/m<sup>2</sup>/h and 90.9%, respectively, which also showed a stable evaporation rate after 10 cycles of 5&#xa0;wt% salt water evaporation, and produced 6.32&#xa0;kg/m<sup>2</sup> condensate water from Huanghai seawater after 8&#xa0;h of continuous solar exposure accompanied with ion removal rates exceeding 99%, meeting WHO standards for safe drinking water. Moreover, by integrating the semiconductor thermoelectric module, the power generation capacities of 56.9&#xa0;mV and 15.6&#xa0;μW&#xa0;cm<sup>−2</sup> were achieved. Additionally, the solar heating effect of the hierarchical composite-coated fabric satisfied the appropriate temperature range required for human thermotherapy. This work provided an alternative strategy for designing solar-driven flexible multifunctional devices, promoting their applications in fields such as green energy, personal thermal management and sustainable water treatment.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Hierarchical ZrC-based photothermal-coated fabric for solar thermal management

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月17日

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  • Zhihui Li,
  • Mengke Ma,
  • Yifan Deng,
  • Min Guo,
  • Zengge Guo,
  • Zhaohui Jiang

摘要

Facing the global energy crisis and environmental challenges, developing efficient and multifunctional solar energy conversion materials is crucial for achieving sustainable energy utilization. This paper aimed at the limitations of narrow spectral absorption, low photothermal conversion efficiency and single functionality of traditional single-type photothermal materials, and proposed a bi-component zirconium carbide (ZrC)/polypyrrole (PPy) composite-coated fabric based on stepwise self-assembly strategy. The broadband plasma resonance effect of ZrC and strong near-infrared absorption characteristics of PPy complemented each other. Combined with hierarchical structure design, this approach significantly improved photothermal conversion efficiency through material synergy and structural optimization, enabling multifunctional integration of solar-driven interfacial vapor evaporation, thermoelectric generation and personal thermotherapy. The results demonstrated that under 1 kW/m2 solar irradiation, the water evaporation rate and photothermal conversion efficiency of composite-coated fabric reached 1.38 kg/m2/h and 90.9%, respectively, which also showed a stable evaporation rate after 10 cycles of 5 wt% salt water evaporation, and produced 6.32 kg/m2 condensate water from Huanghai seawater after 8 h of continuous solar exposure accompanied with ion removal rates exceeding 99%, meeting WHO standards for safe drinking water. Moreover, by integrating the semiconductor thermoelectric module, the power generation capacities of 56.9 mV and 15.6 μW cm−2 were achieved. Additionally, the solar heating effect of the hierarchical composite-coated fabric satisfied the appropriate temperature range required for human thermotherapy. This work provided an alternative strategy for designing solar-driven flexible multifunctional devices, promoting their applications in fields such as green energy, personal thermal management and sustainable water treatment.

Graphical abstract