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<p>In this study, a bioactive glass-cordierite (BG-cordierite) composite was developed to enhance both the mechanical strength and bioactivity of bioactive glass (BG) for potential orthopedic applications. BG and cordierite were synthesized individually via the glass melting method at 1400&#xa0;°C and 1550&#xa0;°C, respectively, then combined in a 70:30 weight ratio, and sintered at 925&#xa0;°C. Despite improved strength, BG-cordierite exhibited reduced bioactivity, which was addressed through surface treatment using calcium salts. Sintered BG-cordierite pellets were treated with calcium chloride (BC-CC), calcium acetate (BC-CA), and calcium nitrate tetrahydrate (BC-CN) by soaking in the respective solutions for 24&#xa0;h. Bioactivity was evaluated by immersing the samples in simulated body fluid (SBF) for up to 21&#xa0;days. Apatite formation was confirmed as early as Day 1 through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, which revealed characteristic phosphate (P-O), carbonate (C-O), and silanol (Si-OH) groups. Among the treated samples, BC-CC exhibited the most significant apatite formation, effectively enhancing the bioactivity of BG-cordierite composites. BC-CC also demonstrated a diametral tensile strength (DTS) of 31.5&#xa0;MPa after SBF immersion, which is considerably higher than that of pure bioactive glass (&lt; 10&#xa0;MPa). These findings indicate that calcium salt treatments are relevant for non-load-bearing bone regeneration applications such as filling defects and implant coating.</p>

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The influence of calcium salt-treated bioactive glass-cordierite composite on in-vitro bioactivity, physical, and mechanical properties

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月7日

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  • Tuan Nur Izzah Tuan Ab Rashid,
  • Intan Nirwana,
  • Hasmaliza Mohamad

摘要

In this study, a bioactive glass-cordierite (BG-cordierite) composite was developed to enhance both the mechanical strength and bioactivity of bioactive glass (BG) for potential orthopedic applications. BG and cordierite were synthesized individually via the glass melting method at 1400 °C and 1550 °C, respectively, then combined in a 70:30 weight ratio, and sintered at 925 °C. Despite improved strength, BG-cordierite exhibited reduced bioactivity, which was addressed through surface treatment using calcium salts. Sintered BG-cordierite pellets were treated with calcium chloride (BC-CC), calcium acetate (BC-CA), and calcium nitrate tetrahydrate (BC-CN) by soaking in the respective solutions for 24 h. Bioactivity was evaluated by immersing the samples in simulated body fluid (SBF) for up to 21 days. Apatite formation was confirmed as early as Day 1 through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, which revealed characteristic phosphate (P-O), carbonate (C-O), and silanol (Si-OH) groups. Among the treated samples, BC-CC exhibited the most significant apatite formation, effectively enhancing the bioactivity of BG-cordierite composites. BC-CC also demonstrated a diametral tensile strength (DTS) of 31.5 MPa after SBF immersion, which is considerably higher than that of pure bioactive glass (< 10 MPa). These findings indicate that calcium salt treatments are relevant for non-load-bearing bone regeneration applications such as filling defects and implant coating.