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<p>CX stainless steel is widely used in industrial manufacturing due to its exceptional properties. This study systematically investigates the effects of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of CX stainless steel produced via selective laser melting (SLM) with a layer thickness of 100&#xa0;μm. The as-built microstructure consists of lath martensite with no NiAl precipitations, in contrast to the in-situ precipitation hardening reported in CX stainless steels manufactured with smaller layer thickness. The results show that solution treatment (900&#xa0;°C for 1&#xa0;h) accelerates the transformation of residual austenite into martensite but also induces grain coarsening and the dissolution of<i> β</i>-NiAl precipitates, reducing mechanical performance. Dislocation strengthening dominates under both SLM and solution-treated conditions. The combined solution + aging treatment (900&#xa0;°C/1&#xa0;h + 520&#xa0;°C/3&#xa0;h) yields the highest strength, with UTS and YS reaching 1657.2 ± 10.8&#xa0;MPa&#xa0;and&#xa0;1580.2 ± 12&#xa0;MPa, respectively. This is because the treatment effectively eliminates retained austenite while promoting the uniform distribution of <i>β</i>-NiAl precipitates in the martensite matrix, maximizing the strengthening effect. A single-aging treatment (520&#xa0;°C for 3&#xa0;h) has achieved a peak hardness, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and yield strength (YS) of 50.3 ± 0.5 HRC, 1626.7 ± 13.7 Mpa, and 1546.3 ± 30.7&#xa0;MPa, respectively. Nano-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> precipitation was found in the aged microstructure contributing to the strengthening effects while elongation was improved from that of solution-treat + aging method, balancing mechanical strength and ductility.</p>

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Influence of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of laser-melted CX stainless steel

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月11日

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  • Cong Li,
  • Jiangpeng Hou,
  • Huayang Chang,
  • Zefeng Wu,
  • Ziqi Yan,
  • Ruihan Zhu,
  • Wei Li,
  • Shuyan Zhang,
  • Peng Zhang

摘要

CX stainless steel is widely used in industrial manufacturing due to its exceptional properties. This study systematically investigates the effects of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of CX stainless steel produced via selective laser melting (SLM) with a layer thickness of 100 μm. The as-built microstructure consists of lath martensite with no NiAl precipitations, in contrast to the in-situ precipitation hardening reported in CX stainless steels manufactured with smaller layer thickness. The results show that solution treatment (900 °C for 1 h) accelerates the transformation of residual austenite into martensite but also induces grain coarsening and the dissolution of β-NiAl precipitates, reducing mechanical performance. Dislocation strengthening dominates under both SLM and solution-treated conditions. The combined solution + aging treatment (900 °C/1 h + 520 °C/3 h) yields the highest strength, with UTS and YS reaching 1657.2 ± 10.8 MPa and 1580.2 ± 12 MPa, respectively. This is because the treatment effectively eliminates retained austenite while promoting the uniform distribution of β-NiAl precipitates in the martensite matrix, maximizing the strengthening effect. A single-aging treatment (520 °C for 3 h) has achieved a peak hardness, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and yield strength (YS) of 50.3 ± 0.5 HRC, 1626.7 ± 13.7 Mpa, and 1546.3 ± 30.7 MPa, respectively. Nano-Al2O3 precipitation was found in the aged microstructure contributing to the strengthening effects while elongation was improved from that of solution-treat + aging method, balancing mechanical strength and ductility.