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<p>This work studied the role of few-layer graphene (FLG) for enhancing the performance of visible light active graphitic carbon nitride (CN) for photocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> reduction under visible light. The FLG was prepared successfully by microwave assisted one-pot liquid phase exfoliation method using H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> as the intercalant in aqueous medium. Effect of thus prepared FLG on CN at various loadings (10, 15 and 20&#xa0;wt%) for photocatalytic reduction of CO<sub>2</sub>- photoreactor was explored. The graphene modification of CN reduced its bandgap and electron/hole pair recombination, enhancing electron generation and transport. The band gap of CN at 2.74&#xa0;eV was reduced to 2.35–1.97&#xa0;eV for 10–20&#xa0;wt% FLG loading. A suppressed recombination of photogenerated charge carriers was observed for the composites as up to loading of 15&#xa0;wt%. Longer lifetime of charge carriers was also noticed at loading of 15&#xa0;wt%. All the FLG modified CN photocatalysts showed 97–99% selectivity for formation of methanol. Highest selectivity of 99% and highest CO<sub>2</sub> conversion of 64% was observed for photocatalyst with 15&#xa0;wt% loading (15GHM<sub>2S</sub>/CN), resulting in highest methanol yield of 63%. The corresponding apparent quantum yield was 2.67%, in basic medium. This represented 2.5-fold enhancement over bare CN. Under visible light, the optimal FLG/CN photocatalyst promoted CO<sub>2</sub> reduction to methanol through a formaldehyde pathway. The analysis of spent catalyst suggested stability of the catalysts.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Enhancing role of few-layer graphene for photocatalytic CO2 reduction over visible light active graphitic carbon nitride

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月18日

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  • Nayan Moni Baishya,
  • Mahuya De

摘要

This work studied the role of few-layer graphene (FLG) for enhancing the performance of visible light active graphitic carbon nitride (CN) for photocatalytic CO2 reduction under visible light. The FLG was prepared successfully by microwave assisted one-pot liquid phase exfoliation method using H2SO4 as the intercalant in aqueous medium. Effect of thus prepared FLG on CN at various loadings (10, 15 and 20 wt%) for photocatalytic reduction of CO2- photoreactor was explored. The graphene modification of CN reduced its bandgap and electron/hole pair recombination, enhancing electron generation and transport. The band gap of CN at 2.74 eV was reduced to 2.35–1.97 eV for 10–20 wt% FLG loading. A suppressed recombination of photogenerated charge carriers was observed for the composites as up to loading of 15 wt%. Longer lifetime of charge carriers was also noticed at loading of 15 wt%. All the FLG modified CN photocatalysts showed 97–99% selectivity for formation of methanol. Highest selectivity of 99% and highest CO2 conversion of 64% was observed for photocatalyst with 15 wt% loading (15GHM2S/CN), resulting in highest methanol yield of 63%. The corresponding apparent quantum yield was 2.67%, in basic medium. This represented 2.5-fold enhancement over bare CN. Under visible light, the optimal FLG/CN photocatalyst promoted CO2 reduction to methanol through a formaldehyde pathway. The analysis of spent catalyst suggested stability of the catalysts.

Graphical Abstract