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<p>The development of environmentally friendly flame-retardant fibers has become a significant research focus, as traditional flame-retardant fibers often involve toxic and harmful substances during combustion. Sodium alginate fibers, as an excellent biomass fiber, face limitations in practical applications due to their relatively low mechanical properties and single functionality. Moreover, while functional modifications often decrease mechanical performance, a singular focus on strengthening and toughening fails to achieve multifunctionality. In this study, we address these challenges by using sodium alginate (SA) as the matrix, hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) as the crosslinking agent, and calcium chloride as the coagulation bath in a simple and cost-effective wet spinning process. By designing a double-crosslinked structure, HDI was incorporated into the aqueous system for the first time, enabling the production of multifunctional sodium alginate fibers with excellent mechanical properties, flame retardancy, and super-hydrophilicity. The addition of HDI not only improved the flow properties of the spinning solution but also significantly enhanced the fiber performance, achieving a high limiting oxygen index (LOI = 38.5%), a low water contact angle (8.9°), and superior mechanical performance. These results demonstrate the great potential of SA/SA-HDI fibers for widespread application in flame-retardant protective materials and other advanced functional textiles.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Double-crosslinked sodium alginate fibers with flame-retardant and super-hydrophilic properties for enhanced mechanical performance

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月21日

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  • Zhiqiang Zhang,
  • Zijian Bai,
  • Junwen Che,
  • Jiashuo Sun,
  • Yongji Wang,
  • Hong Zhang,
  • Yan Wang

摘要

The development of environmentally friendly flame-retardant fibers has become a significant research focus, as traditional flame-retardant fibers often involve toxic and harmful substances during combustion. Sodium alginate fibers, as an excellent biomass fiber, face limitations in practical applications due to their relatively low mechanical properties and single functionality. Moreover, while functional modifications often decrease mechanical performance, a singular focus on strengthening and toughening fails to achieve multifunctionality. In this study, we address these challenges by using sodium alginate (SA) as the matrix, hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) as the crosslinking agent, and calcium chloride as the coagulation bath in a simple and cost-effective wet spinning process. By designing a double-crosslinked structure, HDI was incorporated into the aqueous system for the first time, enabling the production of multifunctional sodium alginate fibers with excellent mechanical properties, flame retardancy, and super-hydrophilicity. The addition of HDI not only improved the flow properties of the spinning solution but also significantly enhanced the fiber performance, achieving a high limiting oxygen index (LOI = 38.5%), a low water contact angle (8.9°), and superior mechanical performance. These results demonstrate the great potential of SA/SA-HDI fibers for widespread application in flame-retardant protective materials and other advanced functional textiles.

Graphical abstract