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<p>Cotton fabrics exhibit significant advantages; however, their application is limited by inherent flammability concerns, making the enhancement of flame retardancy a critical focus. In this study, a novel flame retardant (TrP) was synthesized from 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole and phosphoric acid. The TrP was applied to cotton fabrics via a pad-dry-cure process, and the treated fabrics were evaluated for performance enhancements. The results indicated that Cotton/TrP10 achieved a limiting oxygen index of 36.7%, a damaged length of 48&#xa0;mm during vertical burning tests, as well as reductions of 84% in the peak heat release rate and 67% in total smoke release. Analysis of both gas-phase and condensed-phase products revealed that TrP promoted the dehydration and carbonization of cotton, forming a dense and graphitized char layer that effectively suppresses the generation of flammable gases. This research significantly enhances the value of cotton fabrics by improving their flame retardancy, thereby expanding their potential applications.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Triazole-mediated phosphorus-containing protective coating for cotton fabric: excellent flame retardancy and smoke suppression performance

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月15日

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  • Xiao-Hui Shi,
  • Cheng-Yue Jing,
  • Huan Luo,
  • Qi-Yue Liu,
  • De-Yi Wang

摘要

Cotton fabrics exhibit significant advantages; however, their application is limited by inherent flammability concerns, making the enhancement of flame retardancy a critical focus. In this study, a novel flame retardant (TrP) was synthesized from 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole and phosphoric acid. The TrP was applied to cotton fabrics via a pad-dry-cure process, and the treated fabrics were evaluated for performance enhancements. The results indicated that Cotton/TrP10 achieved a limiting oxygen index of 36.7%, a damaged length of 48 mm during vertical burning tests, as well as reductions of 84% in the peak heat release rate and 67% in total smoke release. Analysis of both gas-phase and condensed-phase products revealed that TrP promoted the dehydration and carbonization of cotton, forming a dense and graphitized char layer that effectively suppresses the generation of flammable gases. This research significantly enhances the value of cotton fabrics by improving their flame retardancy, thereby expanding their potential applications.

Graphical abstract