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<p>The present work delves with the important contribution of the microstructural and distortion parameters that led to distortion prevention in the Cr<sub>2</sub>AlC MAX phase-incorporated 90W–6Ni–2Fe–2Co heavy alloys. The powder mix was milled for 20&#xa0;h and 40&#xa0;h in a high-energy ball mill. Then, the green compacts of 0&#xa0;h, 20&#xa0;h, and 40&#xa0;h milled powders were sintered at 1500&#xa0;°C in hydrogen atmosphere for 75&#xa0;min. The FESEM micrographs depicted a uniform distribution of Cr and Al-oxides on the W grain boundaries, which hinders the solution-reprecipitation process during liquid-phase sintering, thereby inhibiting the sintered densification. The distortion parameter (<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10853_2025_11289_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="12" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\delta\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>δ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) of the as-sintered samples decreased with increased Cr<sub>2</sub>AlC content, which is one of the main standpoints in preventing shape distortion. The reduction in W grain size was given paramount importance with Cr<sub>2</sub>AlC addition in accordance with higher milling durations. The EPMA analysis displayed a uniform distribution of W, Ni, Fe, Co, Cr, Al, O, and C in 2 wt% Cr<sub>2</sub>AlC 20&#xa0;h, and milled WHAs, which confirms the formation of Cr, Al-oxides. The microstructural parameters such as volume fraction of solid (<i>V</i><sub>s</sub>), contiguity (<i>C</i><sub>ss</sub>), dihedral angle (<InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10853_2025_11289_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="17" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="16" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\phi\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mi>ϕ</mi> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) and grain connectivity (<i>C</i><sub>g</sub>) were found to be increased in Cr<sub>2</sub>AlC-incorporated WHAs compared to the base alloy, which has a direct impact on distortion prevention.</p>

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Synergistic effect of Cr2AlC MAX phase incorporation on microstructural parameters and distortion prevention of 90W–6Ni–2Fe–2Co heavy alloys

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月4日

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  • Deepak Adhikari,
  • Pradyut Sengupta,
  • Ajit Panigrahi,
  • Surojit Gupta,
  • Alina Sahoo,
  • Mayadhar Debata

摘要

The present work delves with the important contribution of the microstructural and distortion parameters that led to distortion prevention in the Cr2AlC MAX phase-incorporated 90W–6Ni–2Fe–2Co heavy alloys. The powder mix was milled for 20 h and 40 h in a high-energy ball mill. Then, the green compacts of 0 h, 20 h, and 40 h milled powders were sintered at 1500 °C in hydrogen atmosphere for 75 min. The FESEM micrographs depicted a uniform distribution of Cr and Al-oxides on the W grain boundaries, which hinders the solution-reprecipitation process during liquid-phase sintering, thereby inhibiting the sintered densification. The distortion parameter ( \(\delta\) δ ) of the as-sintered samples decreased with increased Cr2AlC content, which is one of the main standpoints in preventing shape distortion. The reduction in W grain size was given paramount importance with Cr2AlC addition in accordance with higher milling durations. The EPMA analysis displayed a uniform distribution of W, Ni, Fe, Co, Cr, Al, O, and C in 2 wt% Cr2AlC 20 h, and milled WHAs, which confirms the formation of Cr, Al-oxides. The microstructural parameters such as volume fraction of solid (Vs), contiguity (Css), dihedral angle ( \(\phi\) ϕ ) and grain connectivity (Cg) were found to be increased in Cr2AlC-incorporated WHAs compared to the base alloy, which has a direct impact on distortion prevention.