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<p>Bi<sub>0.5</sub>Na<sub>0.5</sub>TiO<sub>3</sub>-based ergodic relaxor (ER) ferroelectrics show great potential in high-precision actuators due to their ultralow hysteresis electrostrain. However, the relatively small electrostrain value limits their applications. Grain and defect engineering in a simple ER ferroelectric ceramic (0.65Bi<sub>0.5</sub>Na<sub>0.5</sub>TiO<sub>3</sub>-0.35SrTiO<sub>3</sub>) successfully generate a high strain of &gt; 0.7% with an ultralow hysteresis of &lt; 12% at room temperature. It was found that sintering temperature play a vital role in the relaxor characteristics, electrobending and asymmetric field-induced strain behaviors by modulating the grain size, core–shell structure, and defect concentration. It was experimentally observed that with the increase in sintering temperature, the core–shell structure gradually disappears while the grain size and <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="10853_2025_11235_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="76" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\left( {V_{A}^{{\prime \prime }} - V_{O}^{{ \cdot \cdot }} } \right)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <mrow> <msubsup> <mi>V</mi> <mrow> <mi>A</mi> </mrow> <mo>″</mo> </msubsup> <mo>-</mo> <msubsup> <mi>V</mi> <mrow> <mi>O</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>·</mo> <mo>·</mo> </mrow> </msubsup> </mrow> </mfenced> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> defect dipoles concentration increases obviously, making the enhanced dielectric relaxation, ferroelectric ergodicity, electrostrain asymmetry, and electrostrain value. This work will contribute to understanding the importance of sintering temperature in inducing large electrostrain in the defect-engineered BNT-based ER ferroelectric ceramics.</p>

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Sintering temperature effect on microstructure and asymmetric field-induced strain behavior of the 0.65Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-0.35SrTiO3 ceramics

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月1日

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  • Jun Zhang,
  • Qinglei Wang,
  • Yang Chen,
  • Zhimin Huang,
  • Xuefan Zhou,
  • Dou Zhang

摘要

Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-based ergodic relaxor (ER) ferroelectrics show great potential in high-precision actuators due to their ultralow hysteresis electrostrain. However, the relatively small electrostrain value limits their applications. Grain and defect engineering in a simple ER ferroelectric ceramic (0.65Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-0.35SrTiO3) successfully generate a high strain of > 0.7% with an ultralow hysteresis of < 12% at room temperature. It was found that sintering temperature play a vital role in the relaxor characteristics, electrobending and asymmetric field-induced strain behaviors by modulating the grain size, core–shell structure, and defect concentration. It was experimentally observed that with the increase in sintering temperature, the core–shell structure gradually disappears while the grain size and \(\left( {V_{A}^{{\prime \prime }} - V_{O}^{{ \cdot \cdot }} } \right)\) V A ″ - V O · · defect dipoles concentration increases obviously, making the enhanced dielectric relaxation, ferroelectric ergodicity, electrostrain asymmetry, and electrostrain value. This work will contribute to understanding the importance of sintering temperature in inducing large electrostrain in the defect-engineered BNT-based ER ferroelectric ceramics.