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<p>Smart multifunctional wearable products are rapidly influencing consumer electronics market and provide innovative performance for various uses but remain hindered by reliance on rechargeable batteries with limited lifespans and low energy storage. We addressed these challenges by developing a woven-structured triboelectric nanogenerator (W-TENG) using commercially available nylon and polyester fabrics. Coated with carbon black and carbon nanotube pastes containing sodium alginate, the fabrics demonstrated enhanced triboelectric performance while maintaining flexibility, breathability, and washability. The freestanding triboelectric layer enabled electricity generation under various mechanical motions, making W-TENG highly compatible with wearable devices. In testing, W-TENG achieved a peak current of 4 μA at 3&#xa0;Hz using carbon black-coated fabrics, outperforming other configurations. Temperature sensitivity tests showed a rise in current output from 0.002&#xa0;μA at 25&#xa0;°C to 0.023&#xa0;μA at 45&#xa0;°C, confirming its thermal efficiency. Tensile strain sensing tests revealed that electrical output increased from 0.9&#xa0;μA at 15% strain to 8&#xa0;μA at 30% strain, showcasing its responsiveness to mechanical deformation. Motion sensing trials using hands and elbows demonstrated a maximum current of 10.3&#xa0;μA under slow movements. These results highlight W-TENG’s potential as a self-powered, cost-effective solution for wearable electronics, enabling real-time energy harvesting and multifunctional sensing. This work paves the way for sustainable, energy-autonomous smart textiles.</p>

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Multifunctional W-TENG fabric sensor for comprehensive human motion monitoring: integration of pressure, temperature and tension sensing

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月24日

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  • Md Zahid Hossain Ridoy,
  • Md Mazharul Islam,
  • Mahin Ahmed Shishir,
  • Sumonta Ghosh,
  • Jiyong Hu

摘要

Smart multifunctional wearable products are rapidly influencing consumer electronics market and provide innovative performance for various uses but remain hindered by reliance on rechargeable batteries with limited lifespans and low energy storage. We addressed these challenges by developing a woven-structured triboelectric nanogenerator (W-TENG) using commercially available nylon and polyester fabrics. Coated with carbon black and carbon nanotube pastes containing sodium alginate, the fabrics demonstrated enhanced triboelectric performance while maintaining flexibility, breathability, and washability. The freestanding triboelectric layer enabled electricity generation under various mechanical motions, making W-TENG highly compatible with wearable devices. In testing, W-TENG achieved a peak current of 4 μA at 3 Hz using carbon black-coated fabrics, outperforming other configurations. Temperature sensitivity tests showed a rise in current output from 0.002 μA at 25 °C to 0.023 μA at 45 °C, confirming its thermal efficiency. Tensile strain sensing tests revealed that electrical output increased from 0.9 μA at 15% strain to 8 μA at 30% strain, showcasing its responsiveness to mechanical deformation. Motion sensing trials using hands and elbows demonstrated a maximum current of 10.3 μA under slow movements. These results highlight W-TENG’s potential as a self-powered, cost-effective solution for wearable electronics, enabling real-time energy harvesting and multifunctional sensing. This work paves the way for sustainable, energy-autonomous smart textiles.